Blueprinting in assessment: A tool to increase the validity of undergraduate written examinations in pathology.

Context/background: Written examinations are the most commonly employed method for assessment of cognitive skills in medical education. The few disadvantages of essay questions are less number of questions, limited sampling, unfair distribution of questions over topics, vague questions etc., Blueprinting overcomes these issues, increasing the validity of examinations.

Bullous variant of familial biphasic lichen amyloidosis: a unique combination of three rare presentations.

A 55-year-old man presented with multiple, itchy papules and macules on the trunk and extremities. Histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens taken from three different lesions showed a subepidermal blister with amyloid deposits in the dermal papillae. No systemic disease or involvement of other organs was detected.

Thanatophoric dysplasia type I: a rare case report at fetal autopsy.

Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 is a lethal congenital anomaly with skeletal dysplasia. It is characterized by short limb dwarfism, enlarged head with frontal bossing, short neck, protuberant abdomen. It is detected in early gestational period by ultrasonography.

Germ cell tumor of ovary with plenty of sarcoid like granulomas: A diagnosis on fine needle aspiration cytology.

Germ cell tumors of ovary with elements of two or more subtypes are relatively uncommon. Sarcoid-like granulomas are seen in rare association with dysgerminomas, a subgroup of germ cell tumors of ovary, which are again less common. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the gonadal germ cell tumor, though not performed frequently, is of help when a gonadal mass does not require resection as in lymphoma which can be treated by chemotherapy.

Primary endobronchial Hodgkin's disease.

We report a case of primary pulmonary Hodgkin's disease presenting as an endobronchial mass. Tissue diagnosis was made by microscopic examination following open thoracotomy and excision biopsy of the mass. The patient responded well to the chemotherapy regimen.

Primary mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma of the scalp: a case report.

Background: Lesions of primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin present as painless, papular or nodular masses with sizes ranging from 5 mm to 120 mm. Metastatic deposits from undiagnosed visceral and breast adenocarcinoma are virtually indistinguishable microscopically from sweat gland carcinoma and must be considered before a diagnosis of sweat gland carcinoma is made.

Case: A 60-year-old woman presenting with a swelling over the scalp of 1 year's duration was clinically diagnosed to have a sebaceous cyst.

Cardiac sarcoidosis causing sudden death.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of young adults. Cardiac involvement is rarely diagnosed clinically. In most cases it presents with arrhythmias and conduction disorders.

Serous microcystic adenoma of the pancreas.

Serous microcystic adenoma (SMA) is a rare benign neoplasm. It accounts for 1-2% of all exocrine pancreatic tumors. It is thought to arise from the ductal epithelial cells.

Isolated polycystic liver disease--a rare entity: report of a case.

A 45-year-old woman presented with a mass in the right hypochondrium and shortness of breath. The mass was felt up to 4.5 inches below the right costal margin and its dullness on percussion was continuous with liver dullness.

Orbital Rosai-Dorfman disease: report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology.

Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease, or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a rare, nonhereditary, benign histiocytic proliferative disorder, affecting mainly the lymph nodes. Orbital involvement in the absence of lymphadenopathy is relatively uncommon.

Case: A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with gradual proptosis of the left eye for 5 years.