Design and characterization of an in vivo injectable hydrogel with effervescently generated porosity for regenerative medicine applications.

Injectable hydrogels that polymerize directly in vivo hold significant promises in clinical settings to support the repair of damaged or failing tissues. Existing systems that allow cellular and tissue ingrowth after injection are limited because of deficient porosity and lack of oxygen and nutrient diffusion inside the hydrogels. Here is reported for the first time an in vivo injectable hydrogel in which the porosity does not pre-exist but is formed concomitantly with its in situ injection by a controlled effervescent reaction.

Fire regime zonation under current and future climate over eastern Canada.

Fire is a major disturbance in Canadian forests. Along with fuel and ignition characteristics, climatic conditions are seen as one of the main drivers of fire regimes. Projected changes in climate are expected to significantly influence fire regimes in Canada.