Treatment of Extra-Articular Distal Humerus Fractures: Current Concepts and Systematic Review.

Background: Acute extra-articular distal humerus fractures (DHFs) continue to pose a treatment challenge for many orthopedic surgeons. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of treatment principles, while reporting union rates, time to union, complication rates, and outcome measures following operative and non-operative management.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Time-Dependent ECG-AI Prediction of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease: A Retrospective Study.

: Fatal coronary heart disease (FCHD) affects ~650,000 people yearly in the US. Electrocardiographic artificial intelligence (ECG-AI) models can predict adverse coronary events, yet their application to FCHD is understudied. : The study aimed to develop ECG-AI models predicting FCHD risk from ECGs.

Relationship Between Severity of Ischemia and Coronary Artery Disease for Different Stress Test Modalities in the ISCHEMIA Trial.

Background: The relationship between the extent and severity of stress-induced ischemia and the extent and severity of anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with obstructive CAD is multifactorial and includes the intensity of stress achieved, type of testing used, presence and extent of prior infarction, collateral blood flow, plaque characteristics, microvascular disease, coronary vasomotor tone, and genetic factors. Among chronic coronary disease participants with site-determined moderate or severe ischemia, we investigated associations between ischemia severity on stress testing and the extent of CAD on coronary computed tomography angiography.

Methods: Clinically indicated stress testing included nuclear imaging, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, or nonimaging exercise tolerance test.

Extensive Tracking of Nomadic Waterbird Movements Reveals an Inland Flyway.

Waterbirds are highly mobile and have the ability to respond to environmental conditions opportunistically at multiple scales. Mobility is particularly crucial for aggregate-nesting species dependent on breeding habitat in arid and semi-arid wetlands, which can be ephemeral and unpredictable. We aimed to address knowledge gaps about movement routes for aggregate-nesting nomadic waterbird species by tracking them in numbers sufficient to make robust assessment of their movement patterns.

Prenatal exposures and cell type proportions are main drivers of DNA methylation in maltreated and non-maltreated children.

DNA methylation in peripheral tissues may be a relevant biomarker of risk for developing mental disorders after exposure to early life adversity. Genes involved in HPA axis regulation, such as , might play a key role. In this study, we aimed to identify the main drivers of salivary methylation in a cohort of 162 maltreated and non-maltreated children aged 3-5 years at two measurement timepoints.

Does a carboxamide moiety alter the toxicokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids? A study after pulmonary and intravenous administration of cumyl-5F-P7AICA to pigs.

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are consumed as an alternative to cannabis. Novel compounds are developed by minor modifications in their chemical structure, e.g.

Sugar phosphate-mediated inhibition of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis.

Antibiotic tolerance, the widespread ability of diverse pathogenic bacteria to sustain viability in the presence of typically bactericidal antibiotics for extended time periods, is an understudied steppingstone towards antibiotic resistance. The Gram-negative pathogen , the causative agent of cholera, is highly tolerant to β-lactam antibiotics. We previously found that the disruption of glycolysis, via deletion of (, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase), resulted in significant cell wall damage and increased sensitivity towards β-lactam antibiotics.

Satellite telemetry reveals complex mixed movement strategies in ibis and spoonbills of Australia: implications for water and wetland management.

Waterbird population and species diversity maintenance are important outcomes of wetland conservation management, but knowledge gaps regarding waterbird movements affect our ability to understand and predict waterbird responses to management at appropriate scales. Movement tracking using satellite telemetry is now allowing us to fill these knowledge gaps for highly mobile waterbirds at continental scales, including in remote areas for which data have been historically difficult to acquire. We used GPS satellite telemetry to track the movements of 122 individuals of three species of ibis and spoonbills (Threskiornithidae) in Australia from 2016 to 2023.

Toxicokinetic modelling of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and its main metabolite in pigs following pulmonary administration.

Aims: Since their emergence on the drug market, synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are still gaining increasing importance in forensic toxicology. The representatives of the so-called new psychoactive substances have in common that they have not undergone preclinical safety studies. Hence, knowledge on toxicokinetic (TK) data is sparse.

From Bulk to Binding: Decoding the Entry of PET into Hydrolase Binding Pockets.

Plastic-degrading enzymes facilitate the biocatalytic recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a significant synthetic polymer, and substantial progress has been made in utilizing PET hydrolases for industrial applications. To fully exploit the potential of these enzymes, a deeper mechanistic understanding followed by targeted protein engineering is essential. Through advanced molecular dynamics simulations and free energy analysis methods, we elucidated the complete pathway from the initial binding of two PET hydrolases-the thermophilic leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC) and polyester hydrolase 1 (PES-H1)-to an amorphous PET substrate, ultimately leading to a PET chain entering the active site in a hydrolyzable conformation.

Synthetic Health Data: Real Ethical Promise and Peril.

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using machine-generated synthetic data as a tool for advancing health science and practice, by expanding access to health data while-potentially-mitigating privacy and related ethical concerns around data sharing. While using synthetic data in this way holds promise, we argue that it also raises significant ethical, legal, and policy concerns, including persistent privacy and security problems, accuracy and reliability issues, worries about fairness and bias, and new regulatory challenges. The virtue of synthetic data is often understood to be its detachment from the data subjects whose measurement data is used to generate it.

Lateral cell polarization drives organization of epithelia in sea anemone embryos and embryonic cell aggregates.

One of the first organizing processes during animal development is the assembly of embryonic cells into epithelia. Common features unite epithelialization across select bilaterians, however, we know less about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive epithelial emergence in early branching nonbilaterians. In sea anemones, epithelia emerge both during embryonic development and after cell aggregation of dissociated tissues.

Global rise in forest fire emissions linked to climate change in the extratropics.

Climate change increases fire-favorable weather in forests, but fire trends are also affected by multiple other controlling factors that are difficult to untangle. We use machine learning to systematically group forest ecoregions into 12 global forest pyromes, with each showing distinct sensitivities to climatic, human, and vegetation controls. This delineation revealed that rapidly increasing forest fire emissions in extratropical pyromes, linked to climate change, offset declining emissions in tropical pyromes during 2001 to 2023.

AI Governance: A Challenge for Public Health.

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is structuralizing social, political, and economic determinants of health into the invisible algorithms that shape all facets of modern life. Nevertheless, AI holds immense potential as a public health tool, enabling beneficial objectives such as precision public health and medicine. Developing an AI governance framework that can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of AI is a significant challenge.

The Key Features of a Genetic Nondiscrimination Policy: A Delphi Consensus Statement.

Importance: Governments worldwide have become increasingly cognizant of the spread of genetic discrimination (negative treatment or harm on the basis of actual or presumed genetic characteristics). Despite efforts by a number of governments to establish regulations addressing this phenomenon, public concern about genetic discrimination persists.

Objective: To identify key elements of an optimal genetic nondiscrimination policy and inform policymakers as they seek to allay genetic nondiscrimination and related public anxieties.

Development and method validation of a sampling technique for a reproducible detection of synthetic cannabinoids in exhaled breath using an in vitro pig lung model.

Alternative matrices, especially exhaled breath (EB), have gained increasing attention for a few years. To interpret toxicological findings, knowledge on the toxicokinetic (TK) properties of a substance in EB is indispensable. While such data are already accessible for various drugs (e.

An Application of Evidence-Based Approaches to Engage Young People in the Design of a Global Mental Health Databank.

Introduction: Engaging youth in mental health research and intervention design has the potential to improve their relevance and effectiveness. Frameworks like Roger Hart's ladder of participation, Shier's pathways to participation and Lundy's voice and influence model aim to balance power between youth and adults. Hart's Ladder, specifically, is underutilized in global mental health research, presenting new opportunities to examine power dynamics across various contexts.

Long term outcomes after lobar versus sublobar resection for patients with Non-Small cell lung Cancer: Systematic review and individual patient data Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with lobectomy considered the standard approach. However, recent evidence suggests that sublobar resection may be an alternative option for select patients.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines.