Pathological and imaging features of pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma-a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of lung cancer which is easily misdiagnosed as inflammatory nodules, tuberculosis, pulmonary diffuse lesions, or hamartomas due to the lack of clinical specificity. This study aims to identify the pathological and imaging characteristics of IMA, which will favor to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by enrolling patients histopathologically diagnosed with pulmonary IMA in the current study between January 2014 and December 2021.

The cGAS-STING pathway drives inflammation in Usual Interstitial Pneumonia, phagocytosis could prevent inflammation but is inhibited by the don't eat me signal CD47.

Background: Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) a fibrosing pneumonia is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic autoimmune disease (AID), or hypersensitivity pneumonia. Oxygen radicals, due to tobacco smoke, can damage DNA and might upregulate PARP1. Cytosolic DNA from dying pneumocytes activate cytosolic GMP-AMP-synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway and TREX1.

Does subtyping of high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas have an impact on therapy selection?

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) are characterized by a rapid progressive course. Therapy for SCLC has not much changed for decades, and in LCNEC controversies exist, favoring either SCLC-like or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-like therapy. Three subtypes of SCLC identified in cell cultures, namely ASCL1, NeuroD1, and POU2F3 have been confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Pathologic diagnosis of lung cancer - recent developments.

Purpose Of Review: Diagnosis of lung cancer has previously been based on the evaluation of resection specimen. However, approximately 80% of lung cancers are diagnosed in stage IV. Targeted therapy has changed the practice of pathology.

Clinical insights into small cell lung cancer: Tumor heterogeneity, diagnosis, therapy, and future directions.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by rapid growth and high metastatic capacity. It has strong epidemiologic and biologic links to tobacco carcinogens. Although the majority of SCLCs exhibit neuroendocrine features, an important subset of tumors lacks these properties.

Expression patterns and prognostic relevance of subtype-specific transcription factors in surgically resected small-cell lung cancer: an international multicenter study.

The tissue distribution and prognostic relevance of subtype-specific proteins (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, YAP1) present an evolving area of research in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The expression of subtype-specific transcription factors and P53 and RB1 proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 386 surgically resected SCLC samples. Correlations between subtype-specific proteins and in vitro efficacy of various therapeutic agents were investigated by proteomics and cell viability assays in 26 human SCLC cell lines.

Lung fibrosis in autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity: how to separate these from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Lung involvement in autoimmune diseases (AID) is uncommon, but may precede other organ manifestations. A diagnostic problem is chronicity presenting with lung fibrosis. A new category of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features for patients with clinical symptoms of AID and presenting with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) enables antifibrotic treatment for these patients.

Diagnosis and Molecular Profiles of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma With Potential Targets for Therapy.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) together with small cell carcinoma (SCLC) and typical and atypical carcinoids form the group of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. LCNEC and SCLC are high-grade carcinomas. Although both can be found outside the thoracic cavity, they are most common in the lung.

Genomic and transcriptional alterations in first-line chemotherapy exert a potentially unfavorable influence on subsequent immunotherapy in NSCLC.

Recent studies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have demonstrated that first-line immunotherapy is associated with better therapeutic response than second-line treatment. So far, the mechanisms need to be explored. It prompted us to evaluate the association between first-line chemotherapy and subsequent immunotherapy in NSCLC as well as its underlying mechanisms at the genomic and transcriptomic level.

Applicability of pan-TRK immunohistochemistry for identification of NTRK fusions in lung carcinoma.

In the last two decades, various therapies have been introduced for lung carcinoma patients, including tyrosine-kinase inhibitors for different mutations. While some of them are specific to specific tumor types, others, like NTRK1-3 fusions, are found in various solid tumors. The occurrence of an NTRK1,2 or 3 fusion acts as a biomarker for efficient treatment with NTRK inhibitors, irrespectively of the tumor type.

Triptolide inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype through the p70S6k/GSK3/β-catenin signaling pathway in taxol-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, chemoresistance develops over time and is a bottleneck to effective chemotherapy worldwide. Therefore, the development of new potent therapeutic agents to overcome chemoresistance is of utmost importance. Triptolide is a natural component extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordii, a Chinese plant; our study aimed to evaluate its anti-tumor effects in taxol-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma and investigate its molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance.

Myopericytoma arising from myopericytosis-a hitherto unrecognized entity within the lung.

Two cases of myopericytosis combined with pericytoma originating within the lung are reported. These are rare pulmonary tumors. The differential diagnosis for hemangiopericytoma and pericytic tumors with glomus elements is discussed.

Primary tumor and metastasis-sectioning the different steps of the metastatic cascade.

Patients with lung cancer in the majority die of metastases. Treatment options include surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy, targeted therapy by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and immuno-oncologic treatment. Despite the success with these treatment options, cure of lung cancer is achieved in only a very small proportion of patients.

Manipulation of the immune system by non-small cell lung cancer and possible therapeutic interference.

Pulmonary carcinomas have developed mechanisms by which they escape the attack of immune cells. Immune checkpoint molecules programmed death 1 - programmed death ligand 1 (PD1-PDL1) and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 system have gained attention. The expression of PDL1 by tumor cells causes immune tolerance, and further influences the microenvironment via orchestration by cytokines.

Senescence and autophagy in usual interstitial pneumonia of different etiology.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a dismal prognosis. Currently, the causing agent(s) are poorly understood. Recent data suggest that senescence and autophagy might play a role in its development, as well as changes in metabolism due to hypoxic conditions.

Distribution and prognostic significance of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in lung cancer.

Inhibition of glycolysis has been considered as a therapeutic approach in aggressive cancers including lung cancer. Abbreviated gluconeogenesis, mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was recently discovered to partially circumvent the need for glycolysis in lung cancer cells. However, the interplay of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in lung cancer is still poorly understood.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma type I might arise in congenital pulmonary airway malformation type 4 by acquiring a Dicer 1 mutation.

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) occurs most commonly in infants. It is divided into 5 types. The most common types 1 and 2 are cystic, type 0 presents as bronchial buds without alveolar tissue, most likely corresponding to alveolar dysgenesis, while type 3 is composed of branching bronchioles and appears as a solid lesion.

Atypical goblet cell hyperplasia occurs in CPAM 1, 2, and 3, and is a probable precursor lesion for childhood adenocarcinoma.

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a developmental disorder. Types 1-2-3 are the more common ones. Atypical goblet cell hyperplasia (AGCH) in CPAM might be a precursor lesion for pulmonary adenocarcinomas.

JAK-STAT inhibition impairs K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma progression.

Oncogenic K-RAS has been difficult to target and currently there is no K-RAS-based targeted therapy available for patients suffering from K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma (AC). Alternatively, targeting K-RAS-downstream effectors, K-RAS-cooperating signaling pathways or cancer hallmarks, such as tumor-promoting inflammation, has been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy. Since the JAK-STAT pathway is considered to be a central player in inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis, we investigated here the implication of JAK-STAT signaling and the therapeutic potential of JAK1/2 inhibition in K-RAS-driven lung AC.

Difficult diagnosis and rare morphology of lymphangioleiomyomatosis with giant cysts.

We report on a 32-year-old woman with a second manifestation of a tension pneumothorax two weeks after drainage therapy. The chest CT-scan revealed multiple large bilateral pulmonary cysts. She underwent minimally invasive wedge resection and pleurectomy for treatment.

Prognostic value of cyclin A2 and B1 expression in lung carcinoids.

Carcinoid classification in the lung is still based on morphological criteria. Although there are many studies investigating the role of Ki-67 proliferation index in the classification of lung neuroendocrine tumours, it is still not used in routine diagnostics. Interestingly, cyclins, which have a crucial role in controlling the cell cycle, have not been thoroughly studied in lung neuroendocrine tumours.

AIF-regulated oxidative phosphorylation supports lung cancer development.

Cancer is a major and still increasing cause of death in humans. Most cancer cells have a fundamentally different metabolic profile from that of normal tissue. This shift away from mitochondrial ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation towards a high rate of glycolysis, termed Warburg effect, has long been recognized as a paradigmatic hallmark of cancer, supporting the increased biosynthetic demands of tumor cells.

Comparison of four DLL3 antibodies performance in high grade neuroendocrine lung tumor samples and cell cultures.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is usually diagnosed in the advanced stage. It has a very poor prognosis, with no advancements in therapy in the last few decades. A recent phase 1 clinical study, using an antibody-drug conjugate directed against DLL3, showed promising results.