The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is produced by various Fusarium fungi and frequently found as a contaminant in food and feed. There are reports in the literature that several closely related analogues of ZEN are also formed in cultures of Fusarium species. We have therefore analyzed the organic extract from a 40 day culture of Fusarium graminearum by LC-DAD-MS and detected 15 compounds, which could be congeners of ZEN because of their ultraviolet, mass spectroscopy, and tandem mass spectroscopy spectra.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoparticulate functional materials offer manifold perspectives for the increasing miniaturization and complexity of technical developments. Nanoparticles also make a major contribution to utilization of materials that is sparing of natural resources. Besides these obvious aspects, however, the importance of nanoparticles is due to their fundamentally novel properties and functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe 1JC--H coupling constants in conformationally constrained sulfoxides, bissulfoxides, sulfoxide-sulfones, and sulfilimines derived from 2-benzylidene-1,3-dithiane and 2-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-1,3-dithiolane were measured by means of HMQC and HSQC NMR experiments and the Perlin effects were calculated. The type and the relative configuration of S==X groups (X= O, NTos) in these compounds have a strong influence on the magnitude of coupling constants for axial and equatorial C--H bonds, respectively. Axial S==O bonds give rise to a stereoelectronic effect on antiperiplanar axial C--H bonds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe title compound, C(17)H(18)ClN(3)O(4), adopts the keto-amine tautomeric form and displays an intramolecular N-H...
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA sequential exchange of one carbonyl ligand by a hydrido ligand with NaOH, and then by an iodo ligand with iodopentane and finally treatment with acid transforms tricarbonyl(η-cyclopentadienone)iron complexes into dicarbonyl(η-hydroxycyclopentadienyl)iodoiron complexes. These iodo complexes demetalate with high selectivity to the corresponding free ligands on contact with air in daylight. Under basic reaction conditions at the stage of the iodo complex an anionic dicarbonyl(η-cyclopentadienone)iodoiron complex is generated, which is dimeric in the solid state and has an almost square-planar arrangement of the ligands at the sodium counterion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe photochemical exchange of all three carbonyl ligands with acetonitrile converts tricarbonyliron-diene complexes into the very labile triacetonitrile-iron-diene complexes. These easily demetalate in high yields to the corresponding free ligands on injection of air at -30°C [Eq. (1)].
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