Validation of the newly developed Sleep Screening Questionnaire Children and Adolescents (SSQ-CA) with objective sleep measures.

Objectives: Objectively validated pediatric sleep questionnaires covering a broader age range and different sleep disturbances are lacking, therefore we developed the Sleep Screening Questionnaire Children and Adolescents (SSQ-CA) and compared it with objective sleep parameters.

Methods: This child-reported questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary panel and face validated. In a cross-sectional prospective design, participants aged 6-17, answered the questionnaire twice with 21-28 days in between, wore actigraphy (AG) and kept a sleep diary for seven nights and home-polysomnography (PSG) for one of these nights.

Intrinsic Interface Adsorption Drives Selectivity in Atomically Smooth Nanofluidic Channels.

Specific molecular interactions underlie unexpected and useful phenomena in nanofluidic systems, but these require descriptions that go beyond traditional macroscopic hydrodynamics. In this letter, we demonstrate how equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and linear response theory can be synthesized with hydrodynamics to provide a comprehensive characterization of nanofluidic transport. Specifically, we study the pressure driven flows of ionic solutions in nanochannels comprised of two-dimensional crystalline substrates made from graphite and hexagonal boron nitride.

Evaluating the evidence for exponential quantum advantage in ground-state quantum chemistry.

Due to intense interest in the potential applications of quantum computing, it is critical to understand the basis for potential exponential quantum advantage in quantum chemistry. Here we gather the evidence for this case in the most common task in quantum chemistry, namely, ground-state energy estimation, for generic chemical problems where heuristic quantum state preparation might be assumed to be efficient. The availability of exponential quantum advantage then centers on whether features of the physical problem that enable efficient heuristic quantum state preparation also enable efficient solution by classical heuristics.

Using Hyperoptimized Tensor Networks and First-Principles Electronic Structure to Simulate the Experimental Properties of the Giant {Mn} Torus.

The single-molecule magnet {Mn} is a challenge to theory because of its high nuclearity. We directly compute two experimentally accessible observables, the field-dependent magnetization up to 75 T and the temperature-dependent heat capacity, using parameter-free theory. In particular, we use first-principles calculations to derive short- and long-range exchange interactions and compute the exact partition function of the resulting classical Potts and Ising spin models for all 84 Mn = 2 spins to obtain observables.

Cardiovascular events in perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left ventricular volume overload: a French prospective cohort study (FRANCISCO).

Unlabelled: The long-term prospective multi-centre nationwide (French) observational study FRANCISCO will provide new information on perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left ventricular overload but no pulmonary hypertension in children older than 1 year. Outcomes will be compared according to treatment strategy (watchful waiting, surgical closure, or percutaneous closure) and anatomic features of the defect. The results are expected to provide additional guidance about the optimal treatment of this specific population, which is unclear at present.

Exposure to low-dose ionising radiation from cardiac catheterisation and risk of cancer: the COCCINELLE study cohort profile.

Purpose: The COCCINELLE study is a nationwide retrospective French cohort set up to evaluate the risk of cancer in patients who undergone cardiac catheterisation (CC) procedures for diagnosis or treatment of congenital heart disease during childhood.

Participants: Children who undergone CC procedures from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2013, before the age of 16 in one of the 15 paediatric cardiology departments which perform paediatric CC in mainland France were included. The follow-up started at the date of the first recorded CC procedure until the exit date, that is, the date of death, the date of first cancer diagnosis, the date of the 18th birthday or the 31 December 2015, whichever occurred first.

Dynamical Phase Transitions in a 2D Classical Nonequilibrium Model via 2D Tensor Networks.

We demonstrate the power of 2D tensor networks for obtaining large deviation functions of dynamical observables in a classical nonequilibrium setting. Using these methods, we analyze the previously unstudied dynamical phase behavior of the fully 2D asymmetric simple exclusion process with biases in both the x and y directions. We identify a dynamical phase transition, from a jammed to a flowing phase, and characterize the phases and the transition, with an estimate of the critical point and exponents.

Dynamical phase behavior of the single- and multi-lane asymmetric simple exclusion process via matrix product states.

The open asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) has emerged as a paradigmatic model of nonequilibrium behavior, in part due to its complex dynamical behavior and wide physical applicability as a model of driven diffusion. We compare the dynamical phase behavior of the one-dimensional (1D) ASEP and the multi-lane ASEP, a previously unstudied extension of the 1D model that may be thought of as a finite-width strip of the fully two-dimensional (2D) system. Our characterization employs large deviation theory (LDT), matrix product states (MPS), and the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm, to compute the current cumulant generating function and its derivatives, which serve as dynamical order parameters.

Increased expression of blood muscarinic receptors in patients with reflex syncope.

Aims: Pathophysiology of reflex syncope is not fully understood but a vagal overactivity might be involved in this syncope. Previously, overexpression of muscarinic M2 receptors and acetylcholinesterase was found in particular in the heart and in lymphocytes of rabbits with vagal overactivity as well as in hearts of Sudden Infant Death Syndromes. The aim of this present study was to look at M2 receptor expression in blood of patients with reflex syncope.

Spatial distribution of clinical computer systems in primary care in England in 2016 and implications for primary care electronic medical record databases: a cross-sectional population study.

Objectives: UK primary care databases (PCDs) are used by researchers worldwide to inform clinical practice. These databases have been primarily tied to single clinical computer systems, but little is known about the adoption of these systems by primary care practices or their geographical representativeness. We explore the spatial distribution of clinical computing systems and discuss the implications for the longevity and regional representativeness of these resources.

Peculiar Clinical Presentation of Coxsackievirus B4 Infection: Neonatal Restrictive Cardiomyopathy.

 Restrictive cardiomyopathy in fetuses and neonates is extremely rare and has a poor outcome. Its etiology in neonates is elusive: metabolic diseases (e.g.

Core requirements for successful data linkage: an example of a triangulation method.

Objectives: The aim was to explore the views of professional stakeholders and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the linkage of UK National Health Service (NHS) data for paediatric pharmacovigilance purposes and to make recommendations for such a system.

Methods: A mixed methods approach including a literature review, interviews, focus groups and a three-round Delphi survey with HCPs in Scotland was followed by a triangulation process using a systematic protocol. The survey was structured using the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change.

Linking NHS data for pediatric pharmacovigilance: Results of a Delphi survey.

Background: Adverse drug events are a major cause of patient safety incidents. Current systems of pharmacovigilance under-report adverse drug reactions (ADRs), especially in children, leading to delays in their identification. This is of particular concern, as children especially have an increased vulnerability to ADRs.

Airway epithelial cytokine responses in childhood wheeze are independent of atopic status.

Background: Airway epithelial cells (AEC) are key contributors to immune function in the lungs but little is known about their role and function in children.

Objectives: Having previously established that nasal AEC mediator release correlates with that of bronchial AEC, we assessed AEC responses in children with and without a history of wheeze.

Methods: Nasal AEC cultures were established from children (0.

Pharmacovigilance in children: detecting adverse drug reactions in routine electronic healthcare records. A systematic review.

Aims: A systematic review of the literature published in English over 10 years was undertaken in order to describe the use of electronic healthcare data in the identification of potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children.

Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using MESH headings and text words. Titles, keywords and abstracts were checked for age <18 years, potential ADRs and electronic healthcare data.

Maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy are associated with asthma in children.

Are maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy associated with asthma in 10-year-old children? In a longitudinal study of 1924 children born to women recruited during pregnancy, maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy was assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and vitamin E by FFQ and plasma α-tocopherol; respiratory questionnaires were completed for the 10-year-old children. Their treatment for asthma was also ascertained using administrative data. Longitudinal analyses included data collected at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years.

'The more you link, the more you risk …' - a focus group study exploring views about data linkage for pharmacovigilance.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess opinions of frontline healthcare professionals on the linking of routinely collected national (Scottish) paediatric data for the purpose of identifying earlier signals of adverse drug reactions.

Methods: Stratified purposive sampling led to profession-specific focus groups with pharmacists, nurses and medical doctors from primary and secondary care in different Scottish Health Boards. A topic guide was used to explore the proposed data linkage of routinely collected paediatric data.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a fast molecular diagnosis tool for left ventricular noncompaction in an infant with compound mutations in the MYBPC3 gene.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by a trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular myocardial recesses that communicate with the left ventricular cavity. LVNC is classified as a rare genetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular diagnosis is a challenge for the medical community as the condition shares morphologic features of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies.

Unplanned medication discontinuation as a potential pharmacovigilance signal: a nested young person cohort study.

Background: Because of relatively small treatment numbers together with low adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting rates the timely identification of ADRs affecting children and young people is problematic. The primary objective of this study was to assess the utility of unplanned medication discontinuation as a signal for possible ADRs in children and young people.

Methods: Using orlistat as an exemplar, all orlistat prescriptions issued to patients up to 18 years of age together with patient characteristics, prescription duration, co-prescribed medicines and recorded clinical (Read) codes were identified from the Primary Care Informatics Unit database between 1st Jan 2006-30th Nov 2009.

Linked health data for pharmacovigilance in children: perceived legal and ethical issues for stakeholders and data guardians.

Objective: The inclusion of the Community Health Index in the recording of National Health Service (NHS) contacts in Scotland facilitates national linkage of data such as prescribing and healthcare utilisation. This linkage could be the basis for identification of adverse drug reactions. The aim of this article is to report the views of healthcare professionals on data sharing, ownership and the legal and other applicable frameworks relevant to linkage of routinely collected paediatric healthcare data.

Development of an enantiomer selective microsampling assay for the quantification of ketorolac suitable for paediatric pharmacokinetic studies.

Background: Ketorolac, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for pain control in children, exists as a racemate of inactive R (+) and active S (-) enantiomers.

Aim: To develop a microsampling assay for the enantioselective analysis of ketorolac in children.

Methods: Ketorolac enantiomers were extracted from 50 μl of plasma by liquid–liquid extraction and separated on a ChiralPak AD-RH.

Views of healthcare professionals to linkage of routinely collected healthcare data: a systematic literature review.

Objective: To review the literature on the views of healthcare professionals to the linkage of healthcare data and to identify any potential barriers and/or facilitators to participation in a data linkage system.

Methods: Published papers describing the views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to data sharing and linkage were identified by searches of Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and PsychINFO. The searches were limited to papers published in the English language from 2001 to 2011.

Adequate levels of adherence with controller medication is associated with increased use of rescue medication in asthmatic children.

Background: The role of asthma controller medication adherence and the level of asthma control in children is poorly defined.

Aims: To assess the association between asthma controller medication adherence and asthma control in children using routinely acquired prescribing data.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of children aged 0-18 years prescribed inhaled corticosteroids only (ICS), leukotriene receptors antagonists (LTRA), or long-acting β2 agonists (LABA) and ICS prescribed as separate or combined inhalers, between 01/09/2001 and 31/08/2006, registered with primary care practices contributing to the Practice Team Information database.