Ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery compared to conventional breast-conserving surgery.

Purpose: The goal of breast-conserving surgery is to achieve negative tumor margins, since insufficient marginal distance is associated with more local and distant recurrences. This study investigates whether IOUS (intraoperative ultrasound) can reduce the re-resection rate compared to standard breast surgery, regardless of tumor biology and focality.

Materials And Methods: The present study is a monocentric, prospective, randomized, and non-blinded parallel group study conducted between 7/2015 and 2/2018.

Folate receptor α deficiency - Myelin-sensitive MRI as a reliable biomarker to monitor the efficacy and long-term outcome of a new therapeutic approach.

Cerebral folate transport deficiency, caused by a genetic defect in folate receptor α, is a devastating neurometabolic disorder that, if untreated, leads to epileptic encephalopathy, psychomotor decline and hypomyelination. Currently, there are limited data on effective dosage and duration of treatment, though early diagnosis and therapy with folinic acid appears critical. The aim of this long-term study was to identify new therapeutic approaches and novel biomarkers for assessing efficacy, focusing on myelin-sensitive MRI.

Back to the future: breast surgery with tumescent local anesthesia (TLA)?

Purpose: Breast surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia. Tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) offers the possibility to anesthetize large areas with highly diluted local anesthetic.

Methods: In this paper, the implementation, and experiences with TLA in the field of breast surgery are discussed.

-correction of magnetization transfer saturation maps optimized for 7T postmortem MRI of the brain.

Purpose: Magnetization transfer saturation ( ) is a useful marker to probe tissue macromolecular content and myelination in the brain. The increased -inhomogeneity at  T and significantly larger saturation pulse flip angles which are often used for postmortem studies exceed the limits where previous correction methods are applicable. Here, we develop a calibration-based correction model and procedure, and validate and evaluate it in postmortem 7T data of whole chimpanzee brains.

Tissue response curve-shape analysis of dynamic glucose-enhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain tumor.

Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI is used to study the signal intensity time course (tissue response curve) after D-glucose injection. D-glucose has potential as a biodegradable alternative or complement to gadolinium-based contrast agents, with DGE being comparable with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. However, the tissue uptake kinetics as well as the detection methods of DGE differ from DCE MRI, and it is relevant to compare these techniques in terms of spatiotemporal enhancement patterns.

Comparison of MRI methods for measuring whole-brain oxygen extraction fraction under different geometric conditions at 7T.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral tissue oxygenation is a critical brain viability parameter, and the magnetic properties of hemoglobin offer the opportunity to noninvasively quantify oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrahigh-field MRI shows advantages such as increased sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility differences and improved signal-to-noise ratio that can be translated into smaller voxel size, but also increased sensitivity to static and B1 field inhomogeneities. The aim was to produce a systematic comparison of three MRI-based methods for estimation of OEF.

MP3RAGE: Simultaneous mapping of T and in human brain at 7T.

Purpose: To map T and the local flip angle ( ) in human brain using a single MP3RAGE sequence with 3 rapid acquisitions of gradient echoes (RAGEs).

Theory And Methods: A third RAGE with a relatively high flip angle was appended to an MP2RAGE sequence. Through curve fitting and a rational approximation for small flip angles and short TR, closed form solutions for T and were derived.

Corrigendum: The Influence of Radio-Frequency Transmit Field Inhomogeneities on the Accuracy of G-ratio Weighted Imaging.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.

Towards robust glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in humans at 3 T: Arterial input function measurements and the effects of infusion time.

Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown potential for tumor imaging using D-glucose as a biodegradable contrast agent. The DGE signal change is small at 3 T (around 1%) and accurate detection is hampered by motion. The intravenous D-glucose injection is associated with transient side effects that can indirectly generate subject movements.

Radiofrequency Bias Correction of Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo MRI at 7.0 Tesla Using an External Reference in a Sequential Protocol.

At field strengths of 7 T and above, -weighted imaging of human brain suffers increasingly from radiofrequency (RF) inhomogeneities. The well-known MP2RAGE (magnetization prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes) sequence provides a solution but may not be readily available for all MR systems. Here, we describe the implementation and evaluation of a sequential protocol to obtain normalized magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) images at 0.

The Influence of Radio-Frequency Transmit Field Inhomogeneities on the Accuracy of G-ratio Weighted Imaging.

G-ratio weighted imaging is a non-invasive, MRI-based technique that aims at estimating an aggregated measure of relative myelination of axons across the entire brain white matter. The MR g-ratio and its constituents (axonal and myelin volume fraction) are more specific to the tissue microstructure than conventional MRI metrics targeting either the myelin or axonal compartment. To calculate the MR g-ratio, an MRI-based myelin-mapping technique is combined with an axon-sensitive MR technique (such as diffusion MRI).

Cortical and white matter correlates of language-learning aptitudes.

People learn new languages with varying degrees of success but what are the neuroanatomical correlates of the difference in language-learning aptitude? In this study, we set out to investigate how differences in cortical morphology and white matter microstructure correlate with aptitudes for vocabulary learning, phonetic memory, and grammatical inferencing as measured by the first-language neutral LLAMA test battery. We used ultra-high field (7T) magnetic resonance imaging to estimate the cortical thickness and surface area from sub-millimeter resolved image volumes. Further, diffusion kurtosis imaging was used to map diffusion properties related to the tissue microstructure from known language-related white matter tracts.

Mapping magnetization transfer saturation (MT ) in human brain at 7T: Protocol optimization under specific absorption rate constraints.

Purpose: To optimize a whole-brain magnetization transfer saturation (MT ) protocol at 7T, focusing on maximizing obtainable MT under the constraints of specific absorption rate (SAR) and transmit field inhomogeneity, while avoiding bias and keeping scan time short.

Theory And Methods: MT is a semi-quantitative metric, obtained by spoiled gradient-echo MRI in the imaging steady-state. Optimization was based on an established 7T dual flip angle protocol, and focused on MT pulse, readout flip angle, repetition time (TR), offset frequency (Δ), and correction of residual effects from transmit field inhomogeneities by separate flip angle mapping.

Evaluation of sonographic detectability of different markers within an in vitro simulation model of the axilla.

Purpose: Clip-marking of axillary lymph nodes with initial biopsy-confirmed metastasis is required for targeted axillary dissection (TAD), which includes sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) and selective localization and removal of the clipped targeted lymph node. There have been several studies which examined the feasibility of TAD in routine clinical use. In this context, the optimal clip visualisation was noted as one of the crucial limiting factors.

Demonstration of the use of test results from the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) to develop screening-level leaching assessments.

Environmental management often benefits from leaching assessment as a predictive tool for estimating constituent leaching from solid and waste materials. The Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) provides both validated tests methods for characterizing materials and a methodology for developing screening assessments based on material characterization results. The use of LEAF data in a screening-level environmental assessment approach is demonstrated through a hypothetical case study of copper/lead smelter soil remediation.

Correction: Residual Axillary Burden After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) in Early Breast Cancer in Patients with a priori Clinically Occult Nodal Metastases - a transSENTINA Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/a-1298-3453.].

Methodology for scenario-based assessments and demonstration of treatment effectiveness using the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF).

A methodology for developing scenario-based leaching assessments as part of the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) is illustrated using a hypothetical management/treatment scenario of contaminated soil from a copper and lead smelter. Scenario assessments refine the process beyond screening-level assessments by considering site- and scenario-specific information about the disposal or utilization environment. LEAF assessments assume (i) granular materials leach at local equilibrium with percolating water, while (ii) monolithic materials (e.

In vivo investigation of the multi-exponential T decay in human white matter at 7 T: Implications for myelin water imaging at UHF.

Introduction: Multi-component T mapping using a gradient- and spin-echo (GraSE) acquisition has become standard for myelin water imaging at 3 T. Higher magnetic field strengths promise signal-to-noise ratio benefits but face specific absorption rate limits and shortened T times. This study investigates compartmental T times in vivo and addresses advantages and challenges of multi-component T mapping at 7 T.

Leiomodin creates a leaky cap at the pointed end of actin-thin filaments.

Improper lengths of actin-thin filaments are associated with altered contractile activity and lethal myopathies. Leiomodin, a member of the tropomodulin family of proteins, is critical in thin filament assembly and maintenance; however, its role is under dispute. Using nuclear magnetic resonance data and molecular dynamics simulations, we generated the first atomic structural model of the binding interface between the tropomyosin-binding site of cardiac leiomodin and the N-terminus of striated muscle tropomyosin.

Reducing bias in DREAM flip angle mapping in human brain at 7T by multiple preparation flip angles.

DREAM (Dual Refocusing Echo Acquisition Mode) is an ultra-fast multi-slice B-mapping technique based on the single-shot STEAM sequence. To study systematic errors at high actual flip angles (FA) and low SNR, DREAM B maps at 3.75×3.

WITHDRAWN: Dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane (Placenta) Reduces Anastomotic Leaks after Esophagectomy.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

Non-negative least squares computation for in vivo myelin mapping using simulated multi-echo spin-echo T decay data.

Multi-compartment T mapping has gained particular relevance for the study of myelin water in the brain. As a facilitator of rapid saltatory axonal signal transmission, myelin is a cornerstone indicator of white matter development and function. Regularized non-negative least squares fitting of multi-echo T data has been widely employed for the computation of the myelin water fraction (MWF), and the obtained MWF maps have been histopathologically validated.