Ex vivo detection of recreational consumed nitrous oxide in exhaled breath.

The increasing use of recreational nitrous oxide ([Formula: see text]O) in the Netherlands and its link to traffic accidents highlights the need for reliable detection methods for law enforcement. This study focused on ex vivo detection of [Formula: see text]O in exhaled breath and examining its persistence in the human body. Firstly, a low-cost portable infrared based detector was selected and validated to detect [Formula: see text]O in air.

Challenges in Pharmacokinetic Modelling of [F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET/CT Imaging in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients.

Purpose: To describe the pharmacokinetic properties of the [F]fluoro-polyethylene glycol(PEG)-folate radiotracer in PET/CT imaging of patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Procedures: In five patients with advanced EOC (FIGO stage IIIB/IIIC, Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique), a 90-min dynamic PET acquisition of the pelvis was performed directly after i.v.

Perspectives of ICU Patients on Deferred Consent in the Context of Post-ICU Quality of Life: A Substudy of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Deferred consent enables research to be conducted in the ICU when patients are unable to provide consent themselves, and there is insufficient time to obtain consent from surrogates before commencing (trial) treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate how former ICU patients reflect on their participation in a study with deferred consent and examine whether their opinions are influenced by the quality of life (QoL) following hospital discharge.

Design: Survey study by questionnaire.

Conservative versus Liberal Oxygenation Targets in Intensive Care Unit Patients (ICONIC): A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Supplemental oxygen is widely administered to ICU patients, but appropriate oxygenation targets remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether a low-oxygenation strategy would lower 28-day mortality compared with a high-oxygenation strategy. This randomized multicenter trial included mechanically ventilated ICU patients with an expected ventilation duration of at least 24 hours.

Higher versus lower oxygenation strategies in the general intensive care unit population: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Oxygen therapy is vital in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but it is indistinct whether higher or lower oxygen targets are favorable. Our aim was to update the findings of randomized controlled trials (RTCs) comparing higher and lower oxygen strategies.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched.

ICONIC study-conservative versus conventional oxygenation targets in intensive care patients: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Oxygen therapy is a widely used intervention in acutely ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is established that not only hypoxia, but also prolonged hyperoxia is associated with poor patient-centered outcomes. Nevertheless, a fundamental knowledge gap remains regarding optimal oxygenation for critically ill patients.

Association Between an Increase in Serum Sodium and In-Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients.

Objectives: In critically ill patients, dysnatremia is common, and in these patients, in-hospital mortality is higher. It remains unknown whether changes of serum sodium after ICU admission affect mortality, especially whether normalization of mild hyponatremia improves survival.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Attitudes of Dutch intensive care unit clinicians towards oxygen therapy.

Background: Over the last decade, there has been an increasing awareness for the potential harm of the administration of too much oxygen. We aimed to describe self-reported attitudes towards oxygen therapy by clinicians from a large representative sample of intensive care units (ICUs) in the Netherlands.

Methods: In April 2019, 36 ICUs in the Netherlands were approached and asked to send out a questionnaire (59 questions) to their nursing and medical staff (ICU clinicians) eliciting self-reported behaviour and attitudes towards oxygen therapy in general and in specific ICU case scenarios.

Changes in Attitudes and Actual Practice of Oxygen Therapy in ICUs after Implementation of a Conservative Oxygenation Guideline.

Background: Little is known to what extent attitudes of ICU clinicians are influenced by new insights and recommendations to be more conservative with oxygen therapy. Our aim was to investigate whether implementation of a conservative oxygenation guideline structurally changed self-reported attitudes and actual clinical practice.

Methods: After the implementation of a conservative oxygen therapy guideline in 3 teaching hospitals in the Netherlands, ICU clinicians were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward oxygen therapy.

Hyperoxia provokes a time- and dose-dependent inflammatory response in mechanically ventilated mice, irrespective of tidal volumes.

Background: Mechanical ventilation and hyperoxia have the potential to independently promote lung injury and inflammation. Our purpose was to study both time- and dose-dependent effects of supplemental oxygen in an experimental model of mechanically ventilated mice.

Methods: Healthy male C57Bl/6J mice, aged 9-10 weeks, were intraperitoneally anesthetized and randomly assigned to the mechanically ventilated group or the control group.

Hemodynamic effects of short-term hyperoxia after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Although oxygen is generally administered in a liberal manner in the perioperative setting, the effects of oxygen administration on dynamic cardiovascular parameters, filling status and cerebral perfusion have not been fully unraveled. Our aim was to study the acute hemodynamic and microcirculatory changes before, during and after arterial hyperoxia in mechanically ventilated patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

Methods: This was a single-center physiological study in a tertiary care ICU in the Netherlands.

Metrics of Arterial Hyperoxia and Associated Outcomes in Critical Care.

Objective: Emerging evidence has shown the potential risks of arterial hyperoxia, but the lack of a clinical definition and methodologic limitations hamper the interpretation and clinical relevance of previous studies. Our purpose was to evaluate previously used and newly constructed metrics of arterial hyperoxia and systematically assess their association with clinical outcomes in different subgroups in the ICU.

Design: Observational cohort study.

Age-Dependent Changes in the Pulmonary Renin-Angiotensin System Are Associated With Severity of Lung Injury in a Model of Acute Lung Injury in Rats.

Objectives: A growing body of evidence suggests that age affects the main pathophysiologic mechanisms of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. This may imply the need for developing age-tailored therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, underlying molecular mechanisms governing age-related susceptibility first need to be unraveled.

Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes of a Two-Step Implementation of Conservative Oxygenation Targets in Critically Ill Patients: A Before and After Trial.

Objectives: Conservative oxygen therapy is aimed at the prevention of harm by iatrogenic hyperoxia while preserving adequate tissue oxygenation. Our aim was to study the effectiveness and clinical outcomes of a two-step implementation of conservative oxygenation targets in the ICU.

Design: This was a before and after stepwise implementation study of conservative oxygenation targets, between July 2011 and July 2014.

Associations of arterial carbon dioxide and arterial oxygen concentrations with hospital mortality after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Introduction: Arterial concentrations of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) during admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) may substantially affect organ perfusion and outcome after cardiac arrest. Our aim was to investigate the independent and synergistic effects of both parameters on hospital mortality.

Methods: This was a cohort study using data from mechanically ventilated cardiac arrest patients in the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) registry between 2007 and 2012.

Bench-to-bedside review: the effects of hyperoxia during critical illness.

Oxygen administration is uniformly used in emergency and intensive care medicine and has life-saving potential in critical conditions. However, excessive oxygenation also has deleterious properties in various pathophysiological processes and consequently both clinical and translational studies investigating hyperoxia during critical illness have gained increasing interest. Reactive oxygen species are notorious by-products of hyperoxia and play a pivotal role in cell signaling pathways.