[Relationship between educational level and dementia: social factor and age-related chronic disease].

Dementia is an age-related chronic syndrome, whose the first cause is a neurodegenerative disease: Alzheimer's disease (AD). In spite of some controversies, educational level is now considered as a major risk factor for dementia and AD. The protective effect of a high level of education could be related to a preservation of cognitive reserve and a reinforcement of brain reserve.

Correlates of health-related quality of life in French people with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Diabetes is known to impair health-related quality of life (HrQol). Our aim was to analyse a comprehensive set of potential determinants of HrQol in a large sample of patients with diabetes.

Methods: This study is based on the ENTRED 2007 study, a representative sample of adults (18 years and older) with diabetes.

A J-shaped association between plasma testosterone and risk of ischemic arterial event in elderly men: the French 3C cohort study.

Objectives: Low plasma testosterone is associated with increased mortality in men. However, the relation between testosterone and cardiovascular disease is uncertain. We assessed the association of plasma sex hormones with the incidence of ischemic arterial disease (IAD) in elderly men.

Predictions in an illness-death model.

Multi-state models allow subjects to move among a finite number of states during a follow-up period. Most often, the objects of study are the transition intensities. The impact of covariates on them can also be studied by specifying regression models.

Is there a link between open-angle glaucoma and dementia? The Three-City-Alienor cohort.

Objective: Previous research has suggested an association between dementia and glaucoma through common risk factors or mechanisms. Our aim was to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and incident dementia.

Methods: The Three-City-Bordeaux-Alienor study is a population-based cohort of 812 participants with a 3-year follow-up period.

A simple score to predict survival with dementia in the general population.

Background/aims: This study was designed to develop a practical risk score for predicting 5-year survival after the diagnosis of dementia.

Methods: Using the Paquid Study (prospective, population-based, long-term cohort study), we created a prognosis score with incident cases of dementia and validated it in another prospective, population-based, long-term cohort study, the Three City Study. -

Results: Among the 3,777 subjects enrolled in the Paquid Study, 454 incident cases of dementia were included in this study.

Survey of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in German goat flocks.

Animal losses due to abortion and malformed offspring during the lambing period 2011/2012 amounted to 50% in ruminants in Europe. A new arthropod-borne virus, called Schmallenberg virus (SBV), was identified as the cause of these losses. Blood samples were obtained from 40 goat flocks and tested for antibodies against SBV by ELISA, with 95% being seropositive.

Insomnia, daytime sleepiness and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly: a 6-year prospective study.

Objective: To examine 1) the associations between history of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and insomnia complaints and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and 2) the relationships between sleep complaints and future CVD in persons over 65.

Methods: CVD was assessed at baseline and during two, four, and six-year follow-up in 5494 non-demented subjects. Self-reported insomnia complaints (poor sleep quality, difficulty in initiating sleep, difficulty in maintening sleep, and early morning awakening), EDS and sleep medication use were evaluated at baseline.

Ginkgo biloba extract and long-term cognitive decline: a 20-year follow-up population-based study.

Background: Numerous studies have looked at the potential benefits of various nootropic drugs such as Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761®; Tanakan®) and piracetam (Nootropyl®) on age-related cognitive decline often leading to inconclusive results due to small sample sizes or insufficient follow-up duration. The present study assesses the association between intake of EGb761® and cognitive function of elderly adults over a 20-year period.

Methods And Findings: The data were gathered from the prospective community-based cohort study 'Paquid'.

The 2008-2012 French Alzheimer plan: a unique opportunity for improving integrated care for dementia.

The 2008-2012 French Alzheimer plan has proposed measures to improve care for dementia patients in a more personalized and graduate approach owing to patients and caregivers needs. A key measure of the plan is the nationwide implementation of the MAIA (French acronym for Maison pour l'Autonomie et l'Intégration des malades d'Alzheimer). The main goal is to implement a process of integration through a network of partners involved in elderly care, assistance, or support.

High level of plasma estradiol as a new predictor of ischemic arterial disease in older postmenopausal women: the three-city cohort study.

Background: Despite evidence that estrogens may be involved in atherothrombosis, the role of endogenous sex steroid hormones in ischemic arterial disease among postmenopausal women remains uncertain.

Methods And Results: In the Three-City prospective cohort study of subjects (n=9294) >65 years of age, we investigated the association of total 17β-estradiol, bioavailable 17β-estradiol, and total testosterone with the 4-year incidence of ischemic arterial disease among postmenopausal women who did not use any hormone therapy. We designed a case-cohort study including a random sample of 537 subjects and 106 incident cases of first cardiovascular events.

Past exposure to neuroleptic drugs and risk of Parkinson disease in an elderly cohort.

Objective: Neuroleptics and neuroleptic-like drugs are known to induce parkinsonism, which may reveal underlying Parkinson disease (PD) in some cases. We assessed the long-term risk of developing PD after past exposure to these drugs, in a 15-year prospective population-based elderly cohort study.

Methods: We used the Cox proportional hazards model to assess the relation between past exposure to neuroleptics and the risk of developing incident PD.

[Paquid 2012: illustration and overview].

Paquid (personnes âgées quid) is a population-based cohort specifically designed to study the epidemiology of brain aging and dependency in activities of daily living in elderly people. At baseline screening, 3.777 subjects older than 65 were randomly selected in 75 different parishes from Gironde and Dordogne, and two administrative districts around Bordeaux in South-Western France.

Is frailty a prodromal stage of vascular dementia? Results from the Three-City Study.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between frailty and incident vascular dementia (VaD).

Design: Seven-year longitudinal study.

Setting: Three-City Study, a French prospective study designed to evaluate the risk of dementia and cognitive decline attributable to vascular risk factors.

Integration of genome-wide association studies with biological knowledge identifies six novel genes related to kidney function.

In conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS), analytical approaches leveraging biological information may further understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical traits. To discover novel associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function, we developed a strategy for integrating prior biological knowledge into the existing GWAS data for eGFR from the CKDGen Consortium. Our strategy focuses on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in genes that are connected by functional evidence, determined by literature mining and gene ontology (GO) hierarchies, to genes near previously validated eGFR associations.

Plasma long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe.

Objective: The long-chain ω-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are potential candidates for interventions to delay Alzheimer disease (AD), but evidence from clinical studies is mixed. We aimed at determining whether plasma levels of EPA or DHA predict atrophy of medial temporal lobe (MTL) gray matter regions in older subjects.

Methods: A total of 281 community dwellers from the Three-City Study, aged 65 years or older, had plasma fatty acid measurements at baseline and underwent MRI examinations at baseline and at 4 years.

Validity of chronic drug exposure presumed from repeated patient interviews varied according to drug class.

Objective: To evaluate the validity of chronic drug exposure presumed from cross-sectional interviews taking reimbursement data as reference.

Study Design And Setting: The study concerned 2,985 elderly persons of the French Three-City cohort (1) who were interviewed on current drug use 2 and 4 years after inclusion and (2) whose reimbursement data were obtained from the main health care insurance system. Validity (sensitivity, Se; specificity, Sp; positive predictive value, PPV; negative predictive value, NPV) of chronic exposure presumed from follow-up interviews was investigated taking two exposure definitions from reimbursements as reference for the period between interviews: at least 80% coverage with and without a maximal time between reimbursements of 60 days.

Risk of dementia in an elderly population of Parkinson's disease patients: a 15-year population-based study.

Background: The incidence of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not fully known, and previous studies have provided a wide range of rates owing to variations in diagnostic criteria and methodologies used. We estimated the risk of dementia in newly diagnosed cases of PD in a population-based cohort of subjects aged >65 years.

Methods: We performed repetitive systematic screening of PD diagnosis, cognitive performances, and clinical dementia during 15 years (at year 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 15) in 3726 elderly subjects living at home in southwestern France (PAQUID).

Clinical usefulness of the metabolic syndrome for the risk of coronary heart disease does not exceed the sum of its individual components in older men and women. The Three-City (3C) Study.

Objectives: To investigate the respective associations and clinical usefulness of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components to predict the risk of first coronary heart disease (CHD) events in elderly.

Design: The Three-City is a French prospective multisite community-based cohort.

Setting: Three large French cities: Bordeaux, Dijon and Montpellier.

Genome-wide association and functional follow-up reveals new loci for kidney function.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem with a genetic component. We performed genome-wide association studies in up to 130,600 European ancestry participants overall, and stratified for key CKD risk factors. We uncovered 6 new loci in association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the primary clinical measure of CKD, in or near MPPED2, DDX1, SLC47A1, CDK12, CASP9, and INO80.

Excessive daytime sleepiness and vascular events: the Three City Study.

Objective: We assessed whether excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) at baseline was associated with subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke events.

Methods: The Three City Study, a French population-based multicenter prospective study, included 7,007 subjects aged ≥65 years with no personal history of CHD, stroke, or dementia, and self-rated EDS as never, rare, regular, or frequent in response to a face-to-face questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the first episode of stroke and CHD over 6 years were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with age as the time scale.

Association between IgM anti-herpes simplex virus and plasma amyloid-beta levels.

Objective: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation has been identified as a possible risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ) levels might be considered as possible biomarkers of the risk of AD. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between anti-HSV antibodies and plasma Aβ levels.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 1222 subjects (73.

Chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline, and incident dementia: the 3C Study.

Objective: To evaluate the longitudinal relationship between moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD), decline in kidney function, and microalbuminuria with subsequent cognitive decline and incident dementia.

Methods: This study is based on a population-based cohort of 7,839 subjects over 65 years with 7 years of follow-up. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI equation.

Steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cognitive decline, and dementia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory intake on cognitive function in 7234 community-dwelling elderly persons. Cognitive performance, clinical diagnosis of dementia, and anti-inflammatory use were evaluated at baseline, and 2, 4, and 7 years later. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, physical, mental health variables, and genetic vulnerability (apolipoprotein E ε4).

Oral health condition of French elderly and risk of dementia: a longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives: Oral condition could be associated with cognitive impairment, but this is not yet well documented. We therefore hypothesized that people with poor oral condition would be more at risk to develop dementia. The objective of this study thus was to describe the oral condition of French community-dwelling elderly persons and to assess its relationship with the occurrence of dementia.