The Effector Protease FgTPP1 Suppresses Immune Responses and Facilitates Fusarium Head Blight Disease.

Most plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to circumvent host immune responses, thereby promoting pathogen virulence. One such pathogen is the fungus , which causes Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease on wheat and barley. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that expresses many candidate effector proteins during early phases of the infection process, some of which are annotated as proteases.

A Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector alters the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton to promote bacterial virulence in plants.

Cellular responses to biotic stress frequently involve signaling pathways that are conserved across eukaryotes. These pathways include the cytoskeleton, a proteinaceous network that senses external cues at the cell surface and signals to interior cellular components. During biotic stress, dynamic cytoskeletal rearrangements serve as a platform from which early immune-associated processes are organized and activated.

Pilot study of topical ruxolitinib demonstrates efficacy and blunting of heterogeneous inflammatory processes in mild hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background: Therapeutic options for mild hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) represent a significant gap in the current treatment landscape, with no FDA approved therapies for early stage HS. Topical JAnus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are a compelling option due to the known upregulation of inflammatory JAK signaling in HS lesions and the recent success of systemic JAKi for moderate to severe HS.

Objectives: This is a pilot, single-site, open-label, prospective 24-week clinical trial with topical ruxolitinib (NCT04414514).

Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma With Rare Extracutaneous Disseminated Disease: A Case Report.

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL) is a CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder with generally favorable outcomes and infrequent extracutaneous spread, usually limited to local lymph nodes. However, there may be extensive histologic overlap with more aggressive CD30+ lymphomas, such as large cell transformation of mycosis fungoides or secondary skin involvement by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Definitive diagnosis relies on clinicopathologic correlation.

Pod5Viewer: a GUI for inspecting raw nanopore sequencing data.

Motivation: Oxford Nanopore Technologies recently adopted the POD5 file format for storing raw nanopore sequencing data. The information stored in these files provides detailed insights into the sequencing features and enhances the understanding of raw nanopore data. However, the process of visualizing the data can be cumbersome, especially for users without programming skills.

A Direct Chemical Repair of Etheno-Type RNA Damages.

Etheno damages in RNA represent a unique class of structural alterations that arise from exposure to various environmental stressors or endogenous processes. They significantly distort the RNA structure and affect crucial biological functions, including RNA-protein interactions, ribosome function, and translation fidelity. However, repair mechanisms for those etheno damages in RNA are still being elucidated.

Use of the Puccinia sorghi haustorial transcriptome to identify and characterize AvrRp1-D recognized by the maize Rp1-D resistance protein.

The common rust disease of maize is caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia sorghi. The maize Rp1-D allele imparts resistance against the P. sorghi IN2 isolate by initiating a defense response that includes a rapid localized programmed cell death process, the hypersensitive response (HR).

Selective RNA pseudouridinylation in situ by circular gRNAs in designer organelles.

RNA modifications play a pivotal role in the regulation of RNA chemistry within cells. Several technologies have been developed with the goal of using RNA modifications to regulate cellular biochemistry selectively, but achieving selective and precise modifications remains a challenge. Here, we show that by using designer organelles, we can modify mRNA with pseudouridine in a highly selective and guide-RNA-dependent manner.

Dual Centrifugation-Based Screening for pH-Responsive Liposomes.

In liposomal drug delivery development, the delicate balance of membrane stability is a major challenge to prevent leakage (during shelf-life and blood circulation), and to ensure efficient payload release at the therapeutic destination. Our composite screening approach uses the processing by dual centrifugation technique to speed up the identification of de novo formulations of intermediate membrane stability. By screening binary lipid combinations at systemically varied ratios we highlight liposomal formulations of intermediate stability, what we termed "the edge of stability", requiring moderate stimuli for destabilization.

Apologizing for Intergroup Criticism Reduces Rejection of Public Health Officials' Pro-Vaccine Messages.

Compared to other medical experts, public health officials face added scrutiny of their pro-vaccine messages due to distrust of the US federal government. We consider reactions to such critical messages through the lens of conversational norms. Conversational pragmatics suggest that polite communication is essentially cooperative in nature, avoiding criticism of the other or excessive praise of the self.

The P(III)-Amidite Based Synthesis of Stable Isotope Labeled mRNA-Cap-Structures Enables their Sensitive Quantitation from Brain Tissue.

The 5' cap structure is crucial to mRNA function, with its diverse methylation patterns depending on the cellular state. Sensitive analytical methods are sought after to quantify this cap variety also referred to as cap epitranscriptome. To address a bottleneck for accurate and precise quantitation, we report a facile and fast access to high-quality synthetic standards via a new route, involving P(III)-amidite chemistry.

DORQ-seq: high-throughput quantification of femtomol tRNA pools by combination of cDNA hybridization and Deep sequencing.

Due to its high modification content tRNAs are notoriously hard to quantify by reverse transcription and RNAseq. Bypassing numerous biases resulting from concatenation of enzymatic treatments, we here report a hybrid approach that harnesses the advantages of hybridization-based and deep sequencing-based approaches. The method renders obsolete any RNAseq related workarounds and correction factors that affect accuracy, sensitivity, and turnaround time.

Exploring a unique class of flavoenzymes: Identification and biochemical characterization of ribosomal RNA dihydrouridine synthase.

Dihydrouridine (D), a prevalent and evolutionarily conserved base in the transcriptome, primarily resides in tRNAs and, to a lesser extent, in mRNAs. Notably, this modification is found at position 2449 in the 23S rRNA, strategically positioned near the ribosome's peptidyl transferase site. Despite the prior identification, in genome, of three dihydrouridine synthases (DUS), a set of NADPH and FMN-dependent enzymes known for introducing D in tRNAs and mRNAs, characterization of the enzyme responsible for D2449 deposition has remained elusive.

Longitudinal Three-Year Associations of Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Serum hs-C-Reactive Protein in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a widely used clinical biomarker of systemic inflammation, implicated in many chronic conditions, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite the increasing emphasis on dietary intake as a modifiable risk factor for systemic inflammation, the association of hs-CRP with fruit and vegetable consumption is relatively underexplored in T1D. To address this gap, we investigated the longitudinal associations of dietary pattern-derived fruit and vegetable scores with hs-CRP in adults with and without T1D.

P-Type ZnO Films Made by Atomic Layer Deposition and Ion Implantation.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide bandgap semiconductor that holds significant potential for various applications. However, most of the native point defects in ZnO like Zn interstitials typically cause an n-type conductivity. Consequently, achieving p-type doping in ZnO is challenging but crucial for comprehensive applications in the field of optoelectronics.