[The Bomoko workshop in a day hospital for obese adolescents].

The Bomoko workshop of the Maison de Solenn-Maison des adolescents of the Cochin hospital is aimed at obese adolescents who are treated at the day hospital during a therapeutic education day. It was born from the common and multidisciplinary desire of a team to propose an innovative device combining psychomotricity and Photolanguage® to encourage the connection between body sensations, emotions and thoughts. Thanks to the time of body mediation, the work of expression and psychic elaboration is facilitated during the Photolanguage®.

[Contributions of discussion groups in the therapeutic education of bulimic disorders].

The treatment of patients suffering from bulimic disorders requires a multidisciplinary approach combining a somatic approach and a psychiatric approach. The Maison des adolescents of the Cochin Hospital offers a therapeutic education program focused on the management of compulsive binge eating. Its modalities have been modified over the years in order to better adjust to the needs of these patients.

A Novel Virtual Wet Lab-Using a Smartphone Camera Adapter and a Video Conference Platform to Provide Real-Time Surgical Instruction.

Purpose: Proctored surgical instruction has traditionally been taught through in-person interactions in either the operating room or an improvised wet lab. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, live in-person instruction was not feasible owing to social distancing protocols, so a virtual wet lab (VWL) was proposed and implemented. The purpose of this article is to describe our experience with a VWL as a Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) skills-transfer course.

Evaluating an Intervention to Reduce Risky Driving Behaviors: Taking the Fear Out of Virtual Reality.

Educational programs are the most common type of intervention to reduce risky driving behavior. Their success, however, depends on the content of the material used and the mode of delivery. In the present study, we examined the impact of fear versus positively framed road safety films and traditional technologies (2D) versus emerging technologies (VR) on young drivers' self-reported risky driving behaviors.

[Adolescence and definition of family, the complexity of new family configurations].

When a family is recomposed or reconstituted, this brings new developmental tasks into play. The period of entry into puberty for adolescents is the beginning of a new family life cycle that challenges the tasks and roles of each individual. Family therapy can help to assemble individual fantasies into collective fantasies and allows for the rewriting of a family narrative that is meaningful to all members.

[Photolangage workshops in the therapeutic education of obese teenagers].

A photolanguage workshop was organised as part of a therapeutic education day for obese teenagers. It is a valuable way of establishing links between their eating habits and their emotions, and to help them become aware of the benefit of psychotherapy. In addition this workshop helps to remove the common inhibitions of these young people, helping them to express themselves around the often painful experience of being overweight and their relational and family difficulties.

Passing crisis and emergency risk communications: the effects of communication channel, information type, and repetition.

Three experiments explore several factors which influence information transmission when warning messages are passed from person to person. In Experiment 1, messages were passed down chains of participants using five different modes of communication. Written communication channels resulted in more accurate message transmission than verbal.

Overestimated crash risks of young and elderly drivers.

Background: Young and elderly drivers are reported to have markedly greater crash rates than drivers of other ages, but they travel less frequently and represent a minority of road users. Consequently, many crashes involving young or elderly drivers also involve drivers of middle age ranges who travel more frequently.

Purpose: To examine crash rates of young and elderly drivers, controlling for ages of all drivers involved in collisions.

Evaluating the application of research-based guidance to the design of an emergency preparedness leaflet.

Unlabelled: Guidelines for the design of emergency communications were derived from primary research and interrogation of the literature. The guidelines were used to re-design a nuclear emergency preparedness leaflet routinely distributed to households in the local area. Pre-test measures of memory for, and self-reported understanding of, nuclear safety information were collected.

Learning medical alarms whilst performing other tasks.

Unlabelled: Two studies are reported which first observe, and then attempt to replicate, the cognitive demands of intensive care unit (ICU) activity whilst concurrently learning audible alarms. The first study, an observational study in an ICU ward, showed that the alarms are very frequent and co-occur with some activities more than others. The three most frequently observed activities observed in the ICU were drugs (calculation, preparation and administration), patient observation and talking.

Risks of high-powered motorcycles among younger adults.

Objectives: We assessed whether policies designed to safeguard young motorcyclists would be effective given shifts in ownership toward high-powered motorcycles.

Methods: We investigated population-wide motor vehicle driver and motorcyclist casualties (excluding passengers) recorded in Britain between 2002 and 2009. To adjust for exposure and measure individual risk, we used the estimated number of trips of motorcyclists and drivers, which had been collected as part of a national travel survey.

Risk of fatal injury in older adult drivers, passengers, and pedestrians.

Objectives: To compare risk of fatal injury in elderly road users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians) with that of younger age groups and to assess the contribution of elderly road users to the number of reported fatalities in the population.

Design: Fatality age was categorized as 21 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, or 70 and older, and road user was categorized as driver, passenger, or pedestrian. Estimated number of trips made by each age group was used to adjust for exposure and to measure individual risk.

Merits of using color and shape differentiation to improve the speed and accuracy of drug strength identification on over-the-counter medicines by laypeople.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the utility of using color and shape to differentiate drug strength information on over-the-counter medicine packages. Medication errors are an important threat to patient safety, and confusions between drug strengths are a significant source of medication error.

Method: A visual search paradigm required laypeople to search for medicine packages of a particular strength from among distracter packages of different strengths, and measures of reaction time and error were recorded.

A review of human factors principles for the design and implementation of medication safety alerts in clinical information systems.

The objective of this review is to describe the implementation of human factors principles for the design of alerts in clinical information systems. First, we conduct a review of alarm systems to identify human factors principles that are employed in the design and implementation of alerts. Second, we review the medical informatics literature to provide examples of the implementation of human factors principles in current clinical information systems using alerts to provide medication decision support.

What determines auditory similarity? The effect of stimulus group and methodology.

Two experiments on the internal representation of auditory stimuli compared the pairwise and grouping methodologies as means of deriving similarity judgements. A total of 45 undergraduate students participated in each experiment, judging the similarity of short auditory stimuli, using one of the methodologies. The experiments support and extend Bonebright's (1996) findings, using a further 60 stimuli.

Considering the impact of medicine label design characteristics on patient safety.

Medication errors involving patients receiving the wrong medicines, the wrong dosages or failure to take medicines according to the prescribed schedule are a substantial threat to patient safety. In the medical domain, research evidence on the benefits of improved labelling are piecemeal and often single-product or single-manufacturer driven and often do not inform the more general process of label design. Government and other guidelines on this topic are often low level and non-specific, often failing to give evidence-based guidance.

Alarms and human behaviour: implications for medical alarms.

Alarms are used in many clinical applications, but they are often less than optimal because the design and implementation of alarms has not always taken the cognitive capacity and processing mechanisms of the user into account. As a result alarms are frequently too loud, irritating, confusing, badly designed, and too numerous, resulting in them often being turned off and hindering, rather than enhancing, task performance. This paper reviews some of the main areas where it is essential to take account of the cognitive system of the user and behavioural processes more generally.

Fewer but better auditory alarms will improve patient safety.

Auditory warnings and alarms are used throughout the medical environment but often fall short of ideal. In some instances they can be a hindrance rather than a help to medical practice. The main reasons why alarms are less than ideal are: (1) they are used too often and people's hearing as the primary warning sense is over-used; (2) false alarm rates are often exceedingly high because trigger points are inappropriately set; and (3) their design is often poor.

Designing trend-monitoring sounds for helicopters: methodological issues and an application.

This article explores methodological issues in sonification and sound design arising from the design of helicopter monitoring sounds. Six monitoring sounds (each with 5 levels) were tested for similarity and meaning with 3 different techniques: hierarchical cluster analysis, linkage analysis, and multidimensional scaling. In Experiment 1, similarity ratings for the top and bottom levels of the sounds were obtained.

Linguistic and location effects in compliance with pesticide warning labels for amateur and professional users.

Three studies explored amateur and professional users' compliance with pesticide warning labels. Professionals were classified as people working in a profession in which the use of pesticides is a necessary part of their job. Amateurs used pesticides only in their leisure time.

The use of male or female voices in warnings systems: a question of acoustics.

Speech warnings and communication systems are increasingly used in noisy, high workload environments. An important decision in the development of such systems is the choice of a male or a female speaker. There is little objective evidence to support this decision, although there are many misconceptions and misunderstandings on this topic.

Auditory warnings in noisy environments.

Auditory warnings are used throughout industry, transport, and the medical world. Despite the fact that auditory warnings frequently have to compete with intense and complex noise backgrounds, their use is widespread. This article reviews research and practice in the area of auditory warning design and implementation with particular emphasis on noisy environments.