- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Pennycress reduces potential for nutrient loss in Illinois.

Nutrient export of nitrogen and phosphorus from row crop agriculture in the Upper US Midwest is a threat to the structure and function of aquatic systems. To meet Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) nutrient reduction goals, the Upper US Midwest needs to implement strategies to reduce nutrient export from agriculture. Studies demonstrate the potential of cover crops to reduce the export of nitrate-nitrogen from the Upper US Midwest.

Late anastomotic perforation of the ileum 3 years after intestinal resection.

Late perforation of the ileum is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication following intestinal resection. We present a unique case of a woman in her 60s with a history of appendiceal carcinoid tumour, who underwent a right hemicolectomy. Positron emission tomography and surveillance CTs showed normal surgical changes and no recurrent malignancy.

Factors affecting caregiver burden among parents of children with cancer: A path analysis.

Aims: To investigate the relationships between parental resilience, illness perception and pain catastrophizing as factors affecting caregiver burden among parents of children with cancer, based on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping.

Background: Parents, as the primary caregivers of children with cancer, often face universal challenges. These include adverse health impacts, work, financial disruptions, strained social and family relationships, and the need for specialised support and intervention.

Identification of "Structural Pin" Interactions and their Significance for the Conformational Control of Macrocyclic Scaffolds.

While peptide macrocycles with rigidified conformations have proven to be useful in the design of chemical probes of protein targets, conformational flexibility and rapid interconversion can be equally vital for biological activity and favorable physicochemical properties. This study introduces the concept of "structural pin", which describes a hydrogen bond that is largely responsible for stabilizing the entire macrocycle backbone conformation. Structural analysis of macrocycles using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), molecular modelling and X-ray diffraction indicates that disruption of the structural pin can drastically influence the conformation of the entire ring, resulting in novel states with increased flexibility.

Fully Automated Versions of Clinically Validated Nephrometry Scores Demonstrate Superior Predictive Utility versus Human Scores.

Objective: To automate the generation of three validated nephrometry scoring systems on preoperative computerised tomography (CT) scans by developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based image processing methods. Subsequently, we aimed to evaluate the ability of these scores to predict meaningful pathological and perioperative outcomes.

Patients And Methods: A total of 300 patients with preoperative CT with early arterial contrast phase were identified from a cohort of 544 consecutive patients undergoing surgical extirpation for suspected renal cancer.

Nitrilium ion trapping as a strategy to access structurally diverse heterobiaryl-containing peptide macrocycles.

Biaryl and heterobiaryl-containing cyclic peptides represent promising scaffolds for the development of bioactive molecules. The incorporation of heterobiaryl motifs continues to pose synthetic challenges, which is partially due to the difficulties in effecting late-stage metal-catalyzed cross-couplings. We report a new strategy to form heterobiaryls that is based on trapping nitrilium ions.

Demonstration of Convolutional Neural Networks to Determine Patch Test Reactivity.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have the potential to assist allergists and dermatologists in the analysis of patch tests. Such models can help reduce interprovider variability and improve consistency of patch test interpretations. Our aim is to evaluate the performance of a CNN model as a proof of concept in discriminating between patch tests with reactions and patch tests without reactions.

Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy to measure nanoscale electronic and vibrational dynamics in a TEM.

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) can measure similar information to x-ray, UV-Vis, and IR spectroscopies but with atomic resolution and increased scattering cross-sections. Recent advances in electron monochromators have expanded EELS capabilities from chemical identification to the realms of synchrotron-level core-loss measurements and to low-loss, 10-100 meV excitations, such as phonons, excitons, and valence structures. EELS measurements are easily correlated with electron diffraction and atomic-scale real-space imaging in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to provide detailed local pictures of quasiparticle and bonding states.

AI-generated R.E.N.A.L.+ Score Surpasses Human-generated Score in Predicting Renal Oncologic Outcomes.

Objective: To determine whether we can surpass the traditional R.E.N.

Teraryl Braces in Macrocycles: Synthesis and Conformational Landscape Remodeling of Peptides.

The three-dimensional structure of medium-sized cyclic peptides accounts for their biological activity and other important physiochemical properties. Despite significant advances in the past few decades, chemists' ability to fine-tune the structure, in particular, the backbone conformation, of short peptides made of canonical amino acids is still quite limited. Nature has shown that cross-linking the aromatic side chains of linear peptide precursors via enzyme catalysis can generate cyclophane-braced products with unusual structures and diverse activities.

Engineering the IL-4/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation.

The structurally and functionally related interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 cytokines play pivotal roles in shaping immune activity. The IL-4/IL-13 axis is best known for its critical role in T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated Type 2 inflammation, which protects the host from large multicellular pathogens, such as parasitic helminth worms, and regulates immune responses to allergens. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells, to coordinate various functions, including immune regulation, antibody production, and fibrosis.

Effect of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Treatment Status and Maternal Depressive Symptomatology on Maternal Reports of Infant Behaviors.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of maternal perinatal depression symptoms and infant treatment status for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) on maternal perceptions of infant regulatory behavior at 6 weeks of age.

Methods: Mothers and their infants (N = 106; 53 dyads) were recruited from a rural, White cohort in Northeast Maine. Mothers in medication-assisted treatment (methadone) and their infants (n = 35 dyads) were divided based on the infant's NAS pharmacological treatment (n = 20, NAS+ group; n = 15, NAS- group) and compared with a demographically similar, nonexposed comparison group (n = 18 dyads; COMP group).

Design of cell-type-specific hyperstable IL-4 mimetics via modular de novo scaffolds.

The interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokine plays a critical role in modulating immune homeostasis. Although there is great interest in harnessing this cytokine as a therapeutic in natural or engineered formats, the clinical potential of native IL-4 is limited by its instability and pleiotropic actions. Here, we design IL-4 cytokine mimetics (denoted Neo-4) based on a de novo engineered IL-2 mimetic scaffold and demonstrate that these cytokines can recapitulate physiological functions of IL-4 in cellular and animal models.

Steady-state estradiol triggers a unique innate immune response to allergen resulting in increased airway resistance.

Rationale: Asthma is a chronic airway condition that occurs more often in women than men during reproductive years. Population studies have collectively shown that long-term use of oral contraceptives decreased the onset of asthma in women of reproductive age. In the current study, we hypothesized that steady-state levels of estrogen would reduce airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge.

Child welfare workers satisfaction and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of agency staff in Ohio.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of children and families, created additional stressors, and increased risks for maltreatment. The pandemic has changed the way child welfare agencies operate, requiring changes to policies and practice. Minimal research has considered the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on child welfare workers wellbeing and job satisfaction.

Neurologic music therapy combined with EEG-tDCS for upper motor extremity performance in patients with corticobasal syndrome: Study protocol for a novel approach.

Background: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is an atypical parkinsonian disorder that involves degeneration of brain regions associated with motor coordination and sensory processing. Combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with rehabilitation training has been shown to improve upper-limb performance in other disease models. Here, we describe the protocol investigating whether tDCS with neurologic music therapy (NMT) (patterned sensory enhancement and therapeutic instrumental music performance) enhances functional arm/hand performance in individuals with CBS.

Visual priming of two-step motion sequences.

Perception of an ambiguous apparent motion is influenced by the immediately preceding motion. In positive priming, when an observer is primed with a slow-pace (1-3 Hz) sequence of motion frames depicting unidirectional drift (e.g.

Automatic Segmentation of Kidneys and Kidney Tumors: The KiTS19 International Challenge.

Clinicians rely on imaging features to calculate complexity of renal masses based on validated scoring systems. These scoring methods are labor-intensive and are subjected to interobserver variability. Artificial intelligence has been increasingly utilized by the medical community to solve such issues.

Computer-Generated R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Scores Yield Comparable Predictive Results to Those of Human-Expert Scores in Predicting Oncologic and Perioperative Outcomes.

Purpose: We sought to automate R.E.N.

Sharpening, focusing, and developing: A study of change in nonsymbolic number comparison skills and math achievement in 1st grade.

Children's ability to discriminate nonsymbolic number (e.g., the number of items in a set) is a commonly studied predictor of later math skills.