AI-assisted capsule endoscopy reading in suspected small bowel bleeding: a multicentre prospective study.

Background: Capsule endoscopy reading is time consuming, and readers are required to maintain attention so as not to miss significant findings. Deep convolutional neural networks can recognise relevant findings, possibly exceeding human performances and reducing the reading time of capsule endoscopy. Our primary aim was to assess the non-inferiority of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted reading versus standard reading for potentially small bowel bleeding lesions (high P2, moderate P1; Saurin classification) at per-patient analysis.

Dental evaluation is helpful in the differentiation of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background: Heartburn is identically the key symptom of both, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional heartburn (FHB), making the differential diagnosis resource-intensive. Oral manifestations of GERD can be easily examined; therefore, their exploration might be a cheap, widely available, and useful tool in the differentiation of GERD and FHB.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of dental erosions (DE) and periodontal diseases (PD) in patients with heartburn and their association with GERD and FHB.

Predicting the combined effects of case isolation, safe funeral practices, and contact tracing during Ebola virus disease outbreaks.

Background: The recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Uganda and the Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Ghana reflect a persisting threat of Filoviridae to the global health community. Characteristic of Filoviridae are not just their high case fatality rates, but also that corpses are highly contagious and prone to cause infections in the absence of appropriate precautions. Vaccines against the most virulent Ebolavirus species, the Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) are approved.

First prospective European study for the feasibility and safety of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy in gastric mucosal abnormalities.

Background: While capsule endoscopy (CE) is the gold standard diagnostic method of detecting small bowel (SB) diseases and disorders, a novel magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE) system provides non-invasive evaluation of the gastric mucosal surface, which can be performed without sedation or discomfort. During standard SBCE, passive movement of the CE may cause areas of the complex anatomy of the gastric mucosa to remain unexplored, whereas the precision of MCCE capsule movements inside the stomach promises better visualization of the entire mucosa.

Aim: To evaluate the Ankon MCCE system's feasibility, safety, and diagnostic yield in patients with gastric or SB disorders.

Prevalence of reflux-related symptoms in South-Hungarian blood donor volunteers.

Background/aim: Population-based studies on the prevalence of GERD-related symptoms are still missing in Eastern Europe, therefore, we aimed to obtain such data in South-East Hungarian subjects.

Methods: A total of 2,002 apparently healthy blood donor volunteers were consecutively enrolled and completed detailed questionnaires related to general factors, demographic data, socioeconomical factors, and the presence and frequency of typical and atypical GERD-related symptoms.

Results: Among 2,002 study participants, 56.

The impact of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns accounting for antibody-dependent enhancement.

Background: COVID-19 vaccines are approved, vaccination campaigns are launched, and worldwide return to normality seems within close reach. Nevertheless, concerns about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines arose, due to their fast emergency approval. In fact, the problem of antibody-dependent enhancement was raised in the context of COVID-19 vaccines.

The poor health of deep-water species in the context of fishing activity and a warming climate: will populations of Molva species rebuild or collapse?

Many deep-water fish populations, being K-selected species, have little resilience to overexploitation and may be at serious risk of depletion as a consequence. Sea warming represents an additional threat. In this study, the condition, or health, of several populations of common ling (Molva molva), blue ling (Molva dypterygia) and Mediterranean or Spanish ling (Molva macrophthalma) inhabiting different areas in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean was evaluated, to shed light on the challenges these deep-water species are facing in the context of fishing activity and a warming climate.

Epidemiologic characteristics of infection in southeast Hungary.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have revealed a decrease in the prevalence of () infection in Western Europe.

Aim: To obtain data regarding the prevalence of in Csongrád and Békés Counties in Hungary, evaluate the differences in its prevalence between urban and rural areas, and establish factors associated with positive seroprevalence.

Methods: One-thousand and one healthy blood donors [male/female: 501/500, mean age: 40 (19-65) years] were enrolled in this study.

Impact of lowering ski binding settings on the outcome of the self-release test of ski bindings among female recreational skiers.

Background And Purpose: The ability to successfully self-release the ski binding can prevent skiing-related injuries of the lower extremities. Failure of binding release associated with a knee injury is significantly higher among females compared to males. The International Standards Organization ISO 11088 standard for binding setting values allows a lowering by 15% upon request of the skier.

Chromogranins: from discovery to current times.

The discovery in 1953 of the chromaffin granules as co-storage of catecholamines and ATP was soon followed by identification of a range of uniquely acidic proteins making up the isotonic vesicular storage complex within elements of the diffuse sympathoadrenal system. In the mid-1960s, the enzymatically inactive, major core protein, chromogranin A was shown to be exocytotically discharged from the stimulated adrenal gland in parallel with the co-stored catecholamines and ATP. A prohormone concept was introduced when one of the main storage proteins collectively named granins was identified as the insulin release inhibitory polypeptide pancreastatin.

[Are there Sex Differences Regarding Ski Length to Height Ratio, Ski Length to Weight Ratio, Sidecut Radius and Ski Boot Sole Abrasion among ACL Injured Male and Female Skiers?].

 Female skiers suffer from knee injuries twice as much as male skiers, and the risk of an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is three times greater among females compared to males. The sex-specific ACL injury risk depends on internal (e. g.

Granin-derived peptides.

The granin family comprises altogether 7 different proteins originating from the diffuse neuroendocrine system and elements of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The family is dominated by three uniquely acidic members, namely chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII). Since the late 1980s it has become evident that these proteins are proteolytically processed, intragranularly and/or extracellularly into a range of biologically active peptides; a number of them with regulatory properties of physiological and/or pathophysiological significance.

Factors associated with self-reported failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers: a catalyst to change ISO binding standards?

Background: Female recreational skiers have twice the rate of knee injuries and three time the rate of ACL injuries compared with their male counterparts. Female skiers suffering from a knee injury reported a significantly higher proportion of failure of binding release than knee injured male skiers.

Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers.

[Impact of Self-Reported Fatigue on ACL Injuries in Alpine Skiing: A Sex Comparison].

Introduction: In recreational alpine skiing, about one third of all injuries affect the knee joint, and the most common diagnosis in adult male and female skiers is a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which makes up 15 - 21 % of all injuries. General preventive recommendations to reduce the incidence of ski injuries include avoiding fatigue. However, it seems unclear to what extent ACL injuries in male and female recreational skiers are related to perceived fatigue.

Chromogranin A: a paradoxical player in angiogenesis and vascular biology.

Half a century after the discovery of chromogranin A as a secreted product of the catecholamine storage granules in the bovine adrenal medulla, the physiological role for the circulating pool of this protein has been recently coined, namely as an important player in vascular homeostasis. While the circulating chromogranin A since 1984 has proved to be a significant and useful marker of a wide range of pathophysiological and pathological conditions involving the diffuse neuroendocrine system, this protein has now been assigned a physiological "raison d'etre" as a regulator in vascular homeostasis. Moreover, chromogranin A processing in response to tissue damage and blood coagulation provides the first indication of a difference in time frame of the regulation of angiogenesis evoked by the intact chromogranin A and its two major peptide products, vasostatin-1 and catestatin.

Leg dominance is a risk factor for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female recreational skiers.

Background: In recreational alpine skiing, the knee joint accounts for about one third of all injuries in male and female skiers. However, female recreational skiers have twice the knee injury incidence of male skiers, and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk is 3 times greater in female skiers.

Purpose: To evaluate whether leg dominance is a risk factor for noncontact ACL injuries in female recreational skiers.

The chromogranin A- derived N-terminal peptide vasostatin-I: In vivo effects on cardiovascular variables in the rabbit.

This study is the first to report on vascular effect of the chromogranin A derived Vasostatin-I (CgA(1-76)) in vivo. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded in 29 rabbits with sympathetically decentralized right carotid vascular bed. The recombinant human STA CgA(1-78) (VS-1) was infused at 480 μg/kg over 25 min.

Regulatory peptides from chromogranin A and secretogranin II.

This commentary is focusing on novel aspects on the secreted CgA- and SgII-derived peptides, vasostatin-I (bovine and human CgA(1-76), VS-I), WE-14 (CgA(316-329)), catestatin (bovine CgA(344-366), human CgA(352-372), Cts) and the SgII-derived secretoneurin (SgII(180-204)) as significant regulators of inflammatory reactions.

Human catestatin peptides differentially regulate infarct size in the ischemic-reperfused rat heart.

In acute myocardial infarction increased plasma levels of chromogranin A are correlated with decreased survival. At the human chromogranin A gene locus there are two naturally occurring amino acid substitution variants within the catestatin region, i.e.

Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II as prohormones for regulatory peptides from the diffuse neuroendocrine system.

Chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretogranin II (SgII) belong to a family of uniquely acidic secretory proteins in elements of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These "granins" are characterized by numerous pairs of basic amino acids as potential sites for intra- and extragranular processing. In response to adequate stimuli, the granins are coreleased with neurotransmitters and hormones and appear in the circulation as potential modulators of homeostatic processes.

Role of vasostatin-1 C-terminal region in fibroblast cell adhesion.

Fibroblast adhesion can be modulated by proteins released by neuroendocrine cells and neurons, such as chromogranin A (CgA) and its N-terminal fragment vasostatin-1 (VS-1, CgA(1-78)). We have investigated the mechanisms of the interaction of VS-1 with fibroblasts and of its pro-adhesive activity and have found that the proadhesive activity of VS-1 relies on its interaction with the fibroblast membrane via a phospholipid-binding amphipathic alpha-helix located within residues 47-66, as well as on the interaction of the adjacent C-terminal region 67-78, which is structurally similar to ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (a membrane-cytoskeleton adapter protein), with other cellular components critical for the regulation of cell cytoskeleton.

Catestatin, an endogenous chromogranin A-derived peptide, inhibits in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum.

Catestatin, an endogenous peptide derived from bovine chromogranin A, and its active domain cateslytin display powerful antimicrobial activities. We have tested the activities of catestatin and other related peptides on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Catestatin inhibits growth of the chloroquine-sensitive strain of P.

Regulatory peptides from chromogranin A and secretogranin II: putative modulators of cells and tissues involved in inflammatory conditions.

Chromogranin A (CgA) and secretogranin II (SgII) of the granin family of uniquely acidic proteins secreted from elements of the diffuse neuroendocrine system are also produced by cells involved in inflammation. CgA and the CgA-derived peptides vasostatin-I and catestatin are products of polymorphonuclear neutrophils accumulating at sites of injury or infections while SgII and the Sg II-derived secretoneurin may contribute to neurogenic inflammation when released from sensory nerve terminals. This review is directed towards vasostatin-I, catestatin and secretoneurin as modulators of cells and tissues associated with inflammatory conditions.

The chromogranin A-derived peptides vasostatin-I and catestatin as regulatory peptides for cardiovascular functions.

A range of inflammatory conditions is associated with pathologically high levels of circulating chromogranin A (CgA). This prohormone belongs to the family of uniquely acidic proteins co-stored and co-secreted with other hormones and peptides from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Two highly conserved, CgA-derived peptides, vasostatin-I and catestatin, have been implicated as modulators of a wide range of cells and tissues, including those of the cardiovascular system.