The Pattern and Staging of Brain Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 (SCA2): MRI Volumetrics from ENIGMA-Ataxia.

Objective: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration in both motor coordination and cognitive function. Atrophy of the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord are core features of SCA2, however the evolution and pattern of whole-brain atrophy in SCA2 remain unclear. We undertook a multi-site, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study to comprehensively characterize the neurodegeneration profile of SCA2.

Treatment of occipital neuralgia using onabotulinum toxin A.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in a sample of patients diagnosed with greater occipital nerve neuralgia.

Material And Methods: Twenty-nine patients (28 females, 1 male) were treated for greater occipital nerve neuralgia with onabotulinum toxin type A; the Visual Analog Pain Scale was used to determine pain severity at treatment and again 12 weeks after application.

Results: Average doses of onabotulinum toxin type A of 18.

Botulinum toxin type-A effect as a preemptive treatment in a model of acute trigeminal pain: a pre-clinical double-blind and placebo-controlled study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A) had a preemptive antinociceptive effect in a formalin-induced orofacial pain model (FT). To test this hypothesis, male Rattus norvegicus were injected with isotonic saline solution 0.9% or BoNT/A administered as a 40 μl bolus, lateral to their nose, at 24 hours, 8, 15, 22, 29 or 36 days pre-FT.

Botulinum neurotoxin type-A for primary stabbing headache: an open study.

Primary stabbing headache is an ultra-short headache, associated with primary headaches, more prevalent in women and with a poor response to therapy. The effect of botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNTA) on primary stabbing headache was investigated in 24 patients. Three patients showed complete remission.

Otoneurological findings in spinocerebellar ataxia.

Objective: Describe findings observed in ENG of patients with spinocerebellar ataxias.

Method: Forty-three patients were studied, and the following procedures were carried out: anamnesis, otorhinolaryngological and vestibular evaluation (ENG).

Results: The clinical findings in the entire group of patients were: gait disturbances (83.

Uncontrolled headache induced by oxcarbazepine.

Headache induced by acute exposure to a specific drug constitutes an idiosyncratic side effect. Metabolic imbalance appears as the leading aetiology, among several other hypotheses. Either primary headaches show a higher susceptibility to this idiosyncratic reaction or a drug-induced primary headache evolves in intensity and duration, becoming uncontrolled until the complete discontinuation of the drug in consideration.