Operational criteria application does not change clinicians' opinion on the diagnosis of mental disorder: a pre- and post-intervention validity study.

Objective: Our objective was to check if the ICD-10 operational criteria application changes non-operational, prototype-based diagnoses obtained in a real-life scenario.

Methods: Psychiatry residents applied the diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10 as a "diagnostic test" to five outpatient patients they were already following who had a prototype-based diagnosis. Tests were used to ascertain whether changes in opinion were significant and if any of the diagnostic groups were more prone to change than others.

Non-standard diagnostic assessment reliability in psychiatry: a study in a Brazilian outpatient setting using Kappa.

The use of Structured Diagnostic Assessments (SDAs) is a solution for unreliability in psychiatry and the gold standard for diagnosis. However, except for studies between the 50 s and 70 s, reliability without the use of Non-SDAs (NSDA) is seldom tested, especially in non-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. We aim to measure reliability between examiners with NSDAs for psychiatric disorders.

Intra-rater Kappa Accuracy of Prototype and ICD-10 Operational Criteria-Based Diagnoses for Mental Disorders: A Brief Report of a Cross-Sectional Study in an Outpatient Setting.

Background And Objectives: The use of "operational criteria" is a solution for low reliability, contrasting with a prototypical classification that is used in clinics. We aim to measure the reliability of prototypical and ICD-10 diagnoses.

Methods: This is a retrospective study, with a convenience sample of subjects treated in a university clinic.

How to define today a medical disorder? Biological and psychosocial disadvantages as the paramount criteria.

Background: The 20th century has seen great developments in the concept of disease. Marked by the biopsychosocial paradigm, several strategies for disease definition were added to previous descriptive organic views, but a final concept is still out of reach.

Method: A critical review was carried out on thorough analysis of articles and textbooks to describe the main concepts and definitions of disease.

Mental State Examination and Its Procedures-Narrative Review of Brazilian Descriptive Psychopathology.

Mental State Examination (MSE) is compared with physical examination as a reliable method of objective data investigation. There is a growing concern with psychiatric clinics, nosology, and the reliability of diagnostic interview methods as a source of valid diagnostic strategy. Efforts to achieve an international diagnosis protocol have been unsuccessful or polemical.

Attitudes of Brazilian Medical Students Towards Psychiatric Patients and Mental Illness: A Quantitative Study Before and After Completing the Psychiatric Clerkship.

Objective: The authors evaluated whether a psychiatric clerkship reduces stigmatized attitudes towards people with mental illness among medical students.

Methods: A 56-item questionnaire was used to assess the attitudes of medical students towards patients with mental illness and their beliefs about its causes before and after their participation in their psychiatric clerkship at a major medical school in Rio de Janeiro. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors, reflecting "social acceptance of people with mental illness," "normalizing roles for people with mental illness in society," "non-belief in supernatural causes for mental illness," and "belief in bio-psychosocial causes for mental illness.