Artificial Intelligence and Radiologist Burnout.

Importance: Understanding the association of artificial intelligence (AI) with physician burnout is crucial for fostering a collaborative interactive environment between physicians and AI.

Objective: To estimate the association between AI use in radiology and radiologist burnout.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study conducted a questionnaire survey between May and October 2023, using the national quality control system of radiology in China.

Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Risks of Small and Large for Gestational Age at Birth: The Mediation Effects of Maternal Homocysteine Level during Pregnancy.

Background: Periconceptional folic acid supplementation (FAS) is widely recommended. However, the role of periconceptional FAS on neonatal birth weight remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the independent effects of periconceptional FAS on risks of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) and to test the potential mediation role of maternal homocysteine (Hcy) during pregnancy on the above significant associations.

Prevalence of anemia of varying severity, geographic variations, and association with metabolic factors among women of reproductive age in China: a nationwide, population-based study.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of anemia of varying severity among women of reproductive age, we conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional study between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019, including 4 184 547 nonpregnant women aged 18-49 years from all 31 provinces in the mainland of China. Anemia was defined as having hemoglobin concentration < 120.0 g/L and categorized as mild, moderate, and severe.

Variations in the Prevalence of Anemia of Varying Severity Among Urban Non-Pregnant Women - China, 2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Anemia is a significant public health issue affecting women globally. Prior studies in China predominantly concentrated on anemia in pregnant or reproductive-age women, leaving a gap in available data concerning anemia in non-pregnant women of all age groups in China.

What Is Added By This Report?: In 2021, the prevalence of anemia and moderate to severe anemia among women aged 18 years and older in urban China was 14.

An advanced machine learning method for simultaneous breast cancer risk prediction and risk ranking in Chinese population: A prospective cohort and modeling study.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) risk-stratification tools for Asian women that are highly accurate and can provide improved interpretation ability are lacking. We aimed to develop risk-stratification models to predict long- and short-term BC risk among Chinese women and to simultaneously rank potential non-experimental risk factors.

Methods: The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women, a large ongoing prospective dynamic cohort study, includes 122,058 women aged 25-70 years old from the eastern part of China.

The Association of Pregnancy with Disease Progression in Patients Previously Treated for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is increasingly common in women of reproductive age. However, whether pregnancy increases the risk of DTC progression/recurrence after treatment remains controversial. The study aimed to assess the association of pregnancy with risk of progression in patients previously treated for DTC.

Development and Comparative Analysis of an Early Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury within 72-Hours Post-ICU Admission Using Evidence from the MIMIC-III Database.

Background: Prompt recognition of patients predisposed to acute kidney injury (AKI) within 72 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission holds significant clinical importance as it can considerably lower mortality rates. However, existing AKI prediction models often require complex data collection yet yield only moderate performance. This study aims to develop a straightforward and efficient AKI prediction model, providing ICU physicians with a powerful tool to expedite the detection of AKI patients.

Prevalence of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in the General Population and Various High-Risk Populations: A Nationwide Study With 5.7 Million Adults in China.

Background & Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in the general population and populations with potential risk factors in China, so as to inform policies for the screening and management of fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis in general and high-risk populations.

Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based, nationwide study was based on the database of the largest health check-up chain in China. Adults from 30 provinces who underwent a check-up between 2017 and 2022 were included.

Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted liquid-based cytology testing for cervical cancer screening in China.

Background: The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for cervical cancer screening recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA or mRNA testing. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted liquid-based cytology (LBC) systems also have the potential to facilitate rapid scale-up of cervical cancer screening. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of AI-assisted LBC testing, compared with the manual LBC and HPV-DNA testing, for primary cervical cancer screening in China.

Effect of levothyroxine treatment on fetal growth among women with mild subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid peroxidase antibody negative: a cohort study.

Background: Some clinicians used levothyroxine (LT4) treatment for mild subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) pregnant women (2.5 < thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ≤ the pregnancy-specific reference range with normal free thyroxine (FT4) level) with thyroid peroxidase antibody negative (TPOAb), although the recent clinical guideline did not recommend it. It is unknown whether LT4 treatment for pregnant women with mild SCH and TPOAb have impact on fetal growth.

Breast Cancer Screening Coverage - China, 2018-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In 2015, only 18.9% of adult women underwent breast cancer screening in China.

What Is Added By This Report?: Breast cancer screening coverage for women aged 20 years and above in China reached 22.

Breast Cancer Awareness and Association with Frequency of Screening Among Women - China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Breast cancer awareness plays a crucial role in promoting screening attendance, enabling early detection, and improving survival rates associated with breast cancer. Nevertheless, a persistent issue is the low public awareness of breast cancer warning signs and risk factors.

What Is Added By This Report?: Breast cancer awareness rate was 10.

Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Duration as Risk Factors for Breast Cancer - China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Psychological and lifestyle factors are known to potentially play a significant role in the development of breast cancer. However, current evidence-based studies present controversial findings on the associations between depression, sleep duration, and breast cancer risk.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study investigated the potential risk factors of depressive symptoms and short sleep duration for breast cancer within the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women.

Individual and joint effect of indoor air pollution index and ambient particulate matter on fetal growth: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Limited studies have examined the effect of prenatal exposure to particulate matter with diameter of <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and <1 μm (PM1) on fetal growth using ultrasound measurements with inconsistent results.

Cervical Cancer Screening Coverage - China, 2018-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The World Health Organization set a 2030 target of 70% cervical cancer screening coverage for women aged 35-45 years. Coverage stood at 37% in China in 2015.

What Is Added By This Report?: In 2018-2019, China's cervical cancer screening coverage reached 43.

Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in the Pre-Vaccine Era - China, 2017-2018.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific strategies play a key role in the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), but evidence on the HPV type-specific prevalence in CIN is limited.

What Is Added By This Report?: This multicentric study estimates the prevalence of high-risk HPV types in CIN cases and the associations of HPV infection patterns with high-grade CIN in China in 2017-2018.

What Are The Implications For Public Health Practice?: Population-based prevention strategies should give preference to HPV-16 and 18, and strategies for non-16/18 high-risk HPV are essential for the elimination of cervical cancer.

Effects of fine ambient particulate matters on de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and blood pressure before 20 weeks.

The effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) were inconsistent during the first and second trimesters. This study aimed to assess the trimester-specific effects of PM and PM prior to diagnosis of de novo HDP. The exposure of fine PM was predicted by satellite remote sensing data according to maternal residential addresses.

HPV-negative high-grade cervical precancerous lesions or invasive cancer in China: A post hoc analysis of a multicentric clinical study.

Objective: To evaluate HPV-negative cervical high-grade precancerous lesions or cancer in China.

Methods: Histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) were searched in a multicentric clinical study. All patients underwent cobas HPV testing, liquid-based cytology, DNA ploidy analysis, and colposcopy-guided biopsy.

Interpretable machine learning to identify important predictors of birth weight: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Predicting birth weight and identifying its risk factors are clinically important. This study aims to use interpretable machine learning to predict birth weight and identity important predictors.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Beijing, China, recruiting pregnant women between June 2018 and February 2019.

Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in De Novo Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Development and Validation of Maternal and Neonatal Prognostic Models.

Effectively identifying high-risk patients with de novo hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) is required to enable timely intervention and to reduce adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Electronic medical record of pregnant women with de novo HDP were extracted from a birth cohort in Beijing, China. The adverse outcomes included maternal and fetal morbidities, mortality, or any other adverse complications.

Associations between Dynamic Vitamin D Level and Thyroid Function during Pregnancy.

Optimal Vitamin D (VitD) status and thyroid function are essential for pregnant women. This study aimed to explore associations between dynamic VitD status and thyroid function parameters in each trimester and throughout the pregnancy period. Information on all 8828 eligible participants was extracted from the Peking University Retrospective Birth Cohort in Tongzhou.