Hyperglycemia Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Liver-Resident Macrophage M2 Polarization C/EBP Homologous Protein-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Aggravated liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury has been observed in hyperglycemic hosts, but its underlying mechanism remains undefined. Liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of liver IR injury. In this study, we evaluated the role of ER stress in regulating KC activation and liver IR injury in a streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic/diabetic mouse model.

Therapeutic Hypothermia Enhances Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein Expression and Inhibits Mitochondrial Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest.

Therapeutic hypothermia is well known for its protective effect against brain injury after cardiac arrest, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), a member of cold shock protein, enables mammalian cells to withstand decreased temperature by regulating gene translation. However, the role of CIRP in global cerebral ischemia after therapeutic hypothermia has not been clearly elucidated.

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aging mice.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a recognized clinical entity characterized with cognitive deficits after anesthesia and surgery, especially in aged patients. Previous studies have shown that histone acetylation plays a key role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, its role in POCD remains to be determined.

Flurbiprofen improves dysfunction of T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells in cancer patients receiving post-operative morphine analgesia.

Objective: Acute pain can lead to immune dysfunction, which can be partly ameliorated by successful pain management. Opioids, which are widely used for analgesia, can result in the deterioration of immune function. This study aimed to investigate the influence of morphine with or without flurbiprofen as post-operative analgesics on the immune systems of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery.

Downregulation of neuregulin 1-ErbB4 signaling in parvalbumin interneurons in the rat brain may contribute to the antidepressant properties of ketamine.

Increasing evidence underscores the strong, rapid, and sustained antidepressant properties of ketamine with a good tolerability profile in patients with depression; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a bipolar disorder susceptibility gene and a biomarker of major depressive disorder, which regulates pyramidal neuron activity via ErbB4 in parvalbumin interneurons. Moreover, NRG1-ErbB4 signaling is reported to play a key role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity through regulating the neurotransmission.

Repeated administration of mirtazapine attenuates oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and spinal NR2B up-regulation in rats.

Chemotherapic drugs may elicit acute or chronic peripheral neuropathies. Mirtazapine, as an antidepressant, is also used for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mirtazapine on the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in rats as well as the underlying mechanism.