Outcome of traumatic brain injury after three decades--relationship to ApoE genotype.

Significant traumatic brain injury (TBI) is nearly always associated with cognitive deficits, but in a highly variable manner. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a pivotal role in CNS response to injury. To examine the association of ApoE genotype with long-term outcome in TBI patients, we determined the ApoE genotype from 61 TBI patients who had been injured over three decades earlier.

MR imaging of head trauma: visibility of contusions and other intraparenchymal injuries in early and late stage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the visibility of traumatic brain lesions on conventional magnetic resonance images (MRI) in early and late phase. Thirty-six patients were studied 1 week and 1 year after a traumatic brain injury. A similar MRI technique was used in both studies; T2-weighted fast or turbo spin echo images, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images and T1-weighted images were used for analysis.

MRI findings and Axis I and II psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury: a 30-year retrospective follow-up study.

We studied the association between psychiatric disorders and the presence and location of traumatic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 58 patients, on average, 30 years after traumatic brain injury. Axis I psychiatric disorders that had begun after the injury were assessed with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (version 2.1), and Axis II disorders with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders.

Alexithymia after traumatic brain injury: its relation to magnetic resonance imaging findings and psychiatric disorders.

Objective: People with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were studied to assess the prevalence of alexithymia and its relationship to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and psychiatric disorders.

Methods: Fifty-four participants, 67% men, were evaluated after a median of 30 years since TBI. A control group was matched for age, gender, and severity of depression.

Cognitive functions in relation to MRI findings 30 years after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The aim of the study was to relate cognitive effects of a remote traumatic brain injury (TBI) to MRI findings and severity of injury.

Method: Sixty-one patients were assessed on average 30 years after a TBI of variable severity. A comprehensive cognitive test battery was used to evaluate memory, executive functions and cognitive overall impairment.

Axis I and II psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury: a 30-year follow-up study.

Objective: Patients who had suffered traumatic brain injury were evaluated to determine the occurrence of psychiatric disorders during a 30-year follow-up.

Method: Sixty patients were assessed on average 30 years after traumatic brain injury. DSM-IV axis I disorders were diagnosed on a clinical basis with the aid of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (version 2.