[Bone and soft tissue sarcomas treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital 1980-99].

Background: The Norwegian Radium Hospital's sarcoma group is a multidisciplinary group with a leading role in the diagnosis and treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in Norway.

Material And Methods: From 1980 through 1999, 1,355 patients with soft tissue sarcoma and 458 patients with bone sarcoma were treated. In a retrospective analysis of trends over time, patients were allocated to consecutive five-year periods.

Inherited predisposition to breast carcinoma. Results of first round examination of 537 women at risk.

Five hundred and thirty seven women at risk for breast carcinoma were identified. Family history was detailed and each woman given genetic counselling. Diagnostic examination for breast carcinoma was performed at the major hospitals of Norway, and included physical examination by expert surgeon, mammography and/or ultrasonography, and fine needle aspiration cytology when appropriate.

Inherited breast carcinoma--prospective findings in 1,194 women at risk.

According to preset criteria, 1,194 women at risk for inherited breast carcinoma were selected and subjected to examination. Six hundred and three women were examined once, 591 were followed for a mean of 1.8 years.

Retinol and retinyl esters in parenchymal and nonparenchymal rat liver cell fractions after long-term administration of ethanol.

Chronic ethanol consumption reduces the liver retinoid store in man and rat. We have studied the effect of ethanol on some aspects of retinoid metabolism in parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells. Rats fed 36% of total energy intake as ethanol for 5-6 weeks had the liver retinoid concentration reduced to about one-third, as compared to pair-fed controls.

Binding protein for vitamin D and its metabolites in rat mesenteric lymph.

A protein with high affinity for vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in rat mesenteric lymph has been studied. Mesenteric lymph was collected after duodenal instillation of radiolabeled vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. As previously described, approximately 10% of vitamin D3 (S.

Chain-shortening of erucic acid and microperoxisomal beta-oxidation in rat small intestine.

The ability of rat small intestine to chain-shorten C22:1 fatty acids was investigated. Radioactive chain-shortened products, mainly C18:1, were demonstrated in intestinal-lymph lipids after intraluminal injection of [14-14C]erucic acid. Chain-elongation to C24:1 was also observed.

Clearance of acetyl low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial cells. Implications for hepatic cholesterol metabolism.

We have studied the hepatic uptake of human [14C] cholesteryl oleate labeled acetyl low density lipoprotein (LDL). Acetyl-LDL injected intravenously into rats was cleared from the blood with a half-life of about 10 min. About 80% of the injected acetyl-LDL was recovered in the liver after 1 h.

Lymphatic absorption and transport of retinol and vitamin D-3 from rat intestine. Evidence for different pathways.

The lymphatic absorption and transport of retinol and vitamin D-3 from rat intestine has been studied. When rats were cannulated in the intestinal lymph duct and given an intraduodenal bolus of [3H]retinol and 14C-labelled vitamin D-3, 14C-labeled vitamin D-3 appeared later in the intestinal lymph than [3H]retinol and the rate of absorption of vitamin D-3 was still maximal at a time when that of retinol had declined. Both vitamins were absorbed via the lymphatic route in association with chylomicrons.

Microsomal esterification of retinol in human liver.

Recent work has shown that esterification of retinol in microsomes from rat liver, mammary gland and small intestine and from human small intestine is catalyzed by an acyl CoA: retinol acyl transferase (ARAT). The current study demonstrates ARAT activity in human liver microsomes. At optimal incubation conditions the rate of retinyl ester formation due to ARAT (0.

Absorption, distribution, and transport of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat.

The absorption of [14C]vitamin D3 and 25-[3H]hydroxyvitamin D3 into the mesenteric lymph and portal vein after simultaneous instillation in rat duodenum has been studied. The appearance of both isotopes in the mesenteric lymph and portal vein during the first 2 h was negligible. After 2-4 h the isotopes appeared both in the lymph and portal vein.

Transport of cholesterol.

.ur current model for cholesterol transport is summarized in Figure 10. In this figure we have put together the various steps in cholesterol transport that were described previously in this review.

Plasma clearance, transfer, and distribution of vitamin D3 from intestinal lymph.

The clearance of vitamin D3 from plasma after intravenous injection to rats of intestinal lymph labeled in vivo with radioactive vitamin D3 has been studied. The half-life of the injected vitamin D3 was about 6 min. In double-label experiments the half-life was the same for vitamin D3 as for vitamin A, which is removed from the circulation as chylomicron remnants.

Influence of diets on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and on acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase in villous and crypt cells from rat small intestinal mucosa and in the liver.

Cholesterol and retinol are both esterified with long-chain fatty acid within the mucosal cells of the small intestine. The reactions are catalyzed by microsomal acyl-CoA:cholesterol and acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferases (EC 2.3.

Retinol esterification by microsomes from the mucosa of human small intestine. Evidence for acyl-Coenzyme A retinol acyltransferase activity.

The mechanism of the intestinal esterification of retinol has been obscure. Recently, an acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA):retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) was found in rat intestinal microsomes, and experiments were therefore conducted to determine whether a corresponding enzyme exists in human small intestine. When microsomes were incubated with [3H]retinol and palmitoyl-CoA, or retinol and [1-14C]palmitoyl-CoA, radioactive retinyl palmitate was formed as identified by alumina column chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography.

In vivo uptake of chylomicron [3H]retinyl ester by rat liver: evidence for retinol transfer from parenchymal to nonparenchymal cells.

We have studied hepatic uptake of chylomicron retinyl ester. Chylomicrons were obtained from intestinal lymph of rats that were given retinol in groundnut oil by intraduodenal injection. When lymph was injected intravenously into normal rats, the radioactivity was cleared from blood with t1/2 approximately equal to 10 min.

The effect of feeding and fasting on the activity of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase in rat small intestine.

The purpose of the present study was to test if the microsomal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in rat small intestine is regulated under physiological conditions. Two previously described in vitro assays were used, both based on the esterification of endogenous cholesterol with exogenous acyl-CoA, performed or generated during the incubation. The important and consistent finding with rats on normal diet was an increase in ACAT activity with fasting and a decrease with feeding.

Evidence that reverse cholesterol transport occurs in vivo and requires lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase.

The transport of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues into plasma (reverse cholesterol transport) and the possible requirement for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase was examined in the rat. One hour after removal of the liver plasma cholesterol ester concentrations were significantly increased by 20%, whereas free cholesterol concentrations were unchanged. The lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was administered to eviscerated rats.

Acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase in rat small intestine: its activity and some properties of the enzymic reaction.

The present study was conducted to examine whether the intestinal esterification of retinol could be due to a microsomal acyl-CoA transferase. When the 'microsomal fraction' of rat mucosa was incubated with [3H]retinol and palmitoyl-CoA or oleoyl-CoA, [3H]retinyl esters were formed as identified by alumina column chromatography and reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Unlabeled retinol and [1-14C]palmitoyl-CoA yielded retinyl[1-14C]palmitate.

Enzymic esterification of cholesterol in rat intestinal mucosa catalyzed by acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase.

Previous work has shown CoA-dependent esterification of cholesterol in rat intestinal mucosa. Using (1-(14)C)oleoyl-CoA as the labeled substrate, we have proved that the esterification is catalyzed by acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) existing in the 'microsomal fraction' of the mucosal cell. The apparent K(m) for oleoyl-CoA is 25 microM, the optimal pH 7.

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in human small intestine: its activity and some properties of the enzymic reaction.

Esterification of endogenous cholesterol in human small intestinal mucosa by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.

Esterification of cholesterol in human small intestine: the importance of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase.

Human intestinal mucosa contains acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The enzyme has been studied by using oleylcarnitine, CoA and carnitine palmitoyltransferase as an oleyl-CoA regenerating system. The enzyme was found in the particulate fraction of the cells, it had a pH optimum between 7.