Velocity Specific Adaptations to Three Widely Used Strength Training Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim: We examined bench press adaptations to three widely used strength training methods; maximal strength training (MST), hypertrophy training (HT) and explosive strength training (EST). To reflect how these methods are typically applied by practitioners, MST and EST were volume matched, whereas HT were performed at higher volume.

Methods: Sixty-three moderately trained subjects (32 males; 31 females) were randomized into 8 weeks of MST, HT, EST or control (CON), 3 sessions/week.

Aerobic high-intensity interval training and maximal strength training in patients with unspecific musculoskeletal disorders improve V̇O and maximal strength more than moderate training.

Improving peak oxygen uptake (V̇O) and maximal strength are key objectives of rehabilitation for patients with unspecific musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Although high-intensity training yield superior outcomes for these factors, patients with MSDs may not tolerate high-intensity due to pain and fear. Therefore, we examined the effect and feasibility of incorporating aerobic high-intensity intervals (HIITs) and maximal strength training (MST) in a standard clinical rehabilitation program for patients with unspecific MSDs.

Abdominal aerobic endurance exercise reveals spot reduction exists: A randomized controlled trial.

The existence of spot reduction, exercise-induced local body fat reduction, has been debated for half a century. Although the evidence is equivocal, no study has applied aerobic endurance training closely matching interventions for energy expenditure. Sixteen overweight (BMI: 29.

Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve V̇O more than supramaximal sprint intervals in females, similar to males.

Introduction: Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O ) is a pivotal factor for aerobic endurance performance. Recently, aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was documented to be superior to sprint interval training (SIT) in improving V̇O in well-trained males. However, as mounting evidence suggests that physiological responses to training are sex-dependent, examining the effects of HIIT versus SIT on V̇O , anaerobic capacity, and endurance performance in females is warranted.

Stroke volume response during prolonged exercise depends on left ventricular filling: evidence from a β-blockade study.

Prolonged moderate-intensity exercise leads to a progressive upward drift in heart rate (HR) that may compromise stroke volume (SV). Alternatively, the HR drift may be related to abated SV due to impaired ventricular function. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cardiovascular drift on left ventricular volumes and in turn SV.

Maximal aerobic and anaerobic power and time performance in 800 m double poling ergometer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent aerobic power (MAP), maximal anaerobic power (MANP), anaerobic capacity measured as time to exhaustion at 130% MAP (TTE), and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) correlated with 800 m double poling time trial performance (800TT) in a ski ergometer. A second aim was to investigate the relationship between TTE and MAOD, and to what extent TTE and MAOD would relate to anaerobic power reserve (APR). Eighteen cross-country skiers were tested for peak oxygen uptake (VO) and oxygen cost of double poling to assess MAP.

Aerobic high-intensity intervals are superior to improve V̇O compared with sprint intervals in well-trained men.

Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O ) may be the single most important factor for long-distance running performance. Interval training, enabling high intensity, is forwarded as the format that yields the largest increase in V̇O . However, it is uncertain if an optimal outcome on V̇O , anaerobic capacity, and running performance is provided by training with a high aerobic intensity or high overall intensity.

Prediction of VO2max From Submaximal Exercise Using the Smartphone Application Myworkout GO: Validation Study of a Digital Health Method.

Background: Physical inactivity remains the largest risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Wearable devices have become a popular method of measuring activity-based outcomes and facilitating behavior change to increase cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or maximal oxygen consumption (VO) and reduce weight. However, it is critical to determine their accuracy in measuring these variables.

Maximal strength training in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease: implications for physical function and quality of life.

Purpose: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) have attenuated muscle strength in the lower extremities, resulting in impaired physical function and quality of life. Although maximal strength training (MST), applying heavy resistance, is documented to be a potent countermeasure for such attenuation, it is uncertain if it is feasible in IRD given the pain, stiffness, and joint swelling that characterize the population.

Methods: 23 patients with IRD (49 ± 13 years; 20 females/3 males), diagnosed with spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus, were randomized to MST or a control group (CG).

Relationships Between Maximal Aerobic Speed, Lactate Threshold, and Double Poling Velocity at Lactate Threshold in Cross-Country Skiers.

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between maximal aerobic speed (MAS), lactate threshold in per cent of peak oxygen uptake (LT) and velocity at LT (LT) in cross-country skiers. Secondly, we aimed to explore the fit of an equation previously used in cyclists and runners in a cohort of well-trained, competitive cross-country skiers for calculation of LT. Thirdly, we aimed to investigate if a new LT could still be calculated after a period of regular training only by providing a new MAS.

Effect of aerobic exercise intensity on health-related quality of life in severe obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Aerobic exercise is an important part of obesity treatment and may improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different exercise programs on health-related quality of life in patients with severe obesity.

Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study comparing the effects of a 24-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program and a combined high-intensity interval training program with MICT (HIIT/MICT).

Heat tolerance during uncompensable heat stress in men and women wearing firefighter personal protective equipment.

Firefighters run a risk of heat strain during occupational tasks. The number of female firefighters has been increasing, but research relevant to this group is still scarce. We aimed to investigate whether there are any sex differences in heat tolerance or physiological responses during uncompensable heat stress while wearing firefighter personal protective equipment.

Smartphone-Assisted High-Intensity Interval Training in Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) experience disease-related barriers to physical training. Compared with the general population, IRD patients are reported to have reduced maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and physical activity levels. Supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is documented to counteract the reduced VO and poor cardiovascular health associated with IRDs.

Effects of Individual Changes in Training Distribution on Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Well-Trained Cross-Country Skiers: A Follow-Up Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate individual changes in training distribution and the subsequent effects on maximal oxygen uptake (VO). The participants were well-trained cross-country skiers who had performed a year with no substantial changes in training prior to this study. Six cross-country skiers, who were participants in a larger previous study, volunteered for a follow-up study.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Speed Predicts 800-m Running Performance in Young Recreational Runners.

The main aim was to investigate the impact of maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal anaerobic speed (MANS), and time to exhaustion (TTE) at 130% MAS, on 800-m running time performance (800TT). A second aim was to investigate the impact of anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), i.e.

Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations.

Methods: A total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20-76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85-90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Energy Expenditure and Weight Loss in Severe Obesity-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two aerobic exercise programs of different intensities on energy expenditure.

Methods: This was a single-center randomized controlled trial of patients with severe obesity allocated to a 24-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program or a combined MICT with high-intensity interval training (HIIT/MICT) program. The primary outcome was energy expenditure during exercise (EEDE).

Factors Influencing Running Velocity at Lactate Threshold in Male and Female Runners at Different Levels of Performance.

Background: The primary aim was to examine the relationship between lactate threshold (LT) expressed as percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and running velocity at LT (LT). A secondary aim was to investigate to what extent VO, oxygen cost of running (C), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) determined LT. A third aim was to investigate potential differences in LT and LT between elite, national and recreational runners, as well as possible gender differences regarding VO, C, LT, and LT.

No Change - No Gain; The Effect of Age, Sex, Selected Genes and Training on Physiological and Performance Adaptations in Cross-Country Skiing.

The aim was to investigate the effect of training, sex, age and selected genes on physiological and performance variables and adaptations before, and during 6 months of training in well-trained cross-country skiers. National-level cross-country skiers were recruited for a 6 months observational study (pre - post 1 - post 2 test). All participants were tested in an outside double poling time trial (TT), maximal oxygen uptake in running (RUN-VO), peak oxygen uptake in double poling (DP-VO), lactate threshold (LT) and oxygen cost of double poling (C), jump height and maximal strength (1RM) in half squat and pull-down.

Maximal strength training in patients with Parkinson's disease: impact on efferent neural drive, force-generating capacity, and functional performance.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive neurological deterioration, typically accompanied by reductions in skeletal muscle force-generating capacity (FGC) and functional performance. Physical activity has the potential to counteract this debilitating outcome, however, it is elusive if high-intensity strength training included in conventional treatment may improve results. Therefore, we randomly assigned 22 PD patients (74 ± 9 yr) to conventional rehabilitation with or without maximal strength training (MST) performed as leg press and chest press at ~90% of one repetition maximum (1RM), five times per week for 4 wk.

Improving Utilization of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Work Economy in Recreational Cross-Country Skiers With High-Intensity Double-Poling Intervals.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a double-poling (DP) high-intensity aerobic interval-training (HIT) intervention performed without increasing total HIT volume. This means that regular HIT training (eg, running) was replaced by HIT DP. The aim was to explore whether this intervention could improve peak oxygen uptake in DP, the fractional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in DP, oxygen cost of DP, maximal aerobic speed, and a 3-km DP time trial.

Large Inter-Individual Differences in Responses to a Block of High Intensity Aerobic Interval Training: A Case Series in National-level Cyclists and Triathletes.

Unlabelled: The aim was to investigate individual responses on VO and performance to a block of high intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) in national-level endurance athletes.

Methods: National-level cyclists and triathletes (five men and two women, 31 ± 3.3 years, VO 65.

Prediction of upper extremity peak oxygen consumption from heart rate during submaximal arm cycling in young and middle-aged adults.

Based on the strong linear relationship between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption, the Åstrand-Ryhming cycle ergometer test (Astrand and Ryhming in J Appl Physiol 7:218-221, 1954) is a widely used submaximal test to predict whole body maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]). However, a similar test predicting peak oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) in the upper extremities is not established, and may be very useful for individuals unable to use their lower extremities or/and if separation of upper extremity aerobic capacity is sought after. Thus, the aim of the current study was to develop a submaximal test predicting [Formula: see text] in arm-cycling.

Stronger Is Better: The Impact of Upper Body Strength in Double Poling Performance.

The purpose of the present study was to compare time results from a roller-skiing double poling (DP) time trial with different physiological variables, muscular strength variables, and DP characteristics in both male and female young competitive skiers with the same relative training background. In order to do this, 28 (16 women and 12 men) well-trained 16-25-year-old cross-country skiers from three Norwegian high schools for skiers, as well as local high performance competitive skiers from the South-East of Norway were recruited to participate in the study. All participants were tested for; maximal oxygen uptake in running, Peak oxygen uptake in DP, lactate threshold in DP, DP economy, time to voluntary exhaustion in DP, force analyses in DP, one repetition maximum and power output in pulldown, and leg press and a time trial during DP roller skiing.