V̇Opeak estimation in people with overweight and obesity before and after a 14-week lifestyle intervention.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the validity and applicability of a non-exercise estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness using resting seismocardiography (SCG eV̇Opeak) in people with overweight and obesity before and after a 14-week lifestyle intervention.

Methods: The study was carried out at a Folk high school that offers 14-week courses on lifestyle changes where participants live at the school and voluntarily participate in daily lectures and activities. Sixty-seven men and women with age and body mass index between 18 and 70 years and 25-50 kg·m were tested at baseline, and 52 had a follow-up test after 14 weeks.

The Rate of Leg Fat Oxidation Is Not Attenuated During Incremental Intensity One-Leg Knee Extensor Exercise.

It is not clear if fat oxidation is attenuated at higher exercise intensities, when exercising with a small muscle mass, and therefore, we studied leg fat oxidation during graded one-leg exercise. Ten males (age: 27 ± 2 years, body mass: 82 ± 3 kg, BMI: 24 ± 1 kg m, V̇O: 49 ± 2 mL min kg) performed one-leg exercise at 25% of maximal workload (W) for 30 min, followed by 120-min exercise at 55% W with the contralateral leg, and finally 30-min exercise at 85% W with the first leg. Blood was sampled from an artery and both femoral veins, and blood flow was determined using Doppler ultrasound.

Accuracy of a non-exercise method using seismocardiography for the estimation of V̇Opeak in sub-elite football players.

A non-exercise method equation using seismocardiography for estimating V̇Opeak (SCG V̇Opeak) has previously been validated in healthy subjects. However, the performance of the SCG V̇Opeak within a trained population is unknown, and the ability of the model to detect changes over time is not well elucidated. Forty-seven sub-elite football players were tested at the start of pre-season (SPS) and 36 players completed a test after eight weeks at the end of the pre-season (EPS).

Peak fat oxidation, peak oxygen uptake, and running performance increase during pre-season in sub-elite male football players.

Purpose: In Football, the high-intensity running bouts during matches are considered decisive. Interestingly, recent studies showed that peak fat oxidation rates (PFO) are higher in football players than other athletes. This study aimed to investigate whether PFO increases following a pre-season.

Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass.

Aim: To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole-body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission.

Methods: 22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non-treated controls (CONT).

Antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2/Keap1 in human skeletal muscle: Influence of age, sex, adiposity and aerobic fitness.

Ageing, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are associated with increased oxidative stress, while regular exercise is associated with an increased antioxidant capacity in trained skeletal muscles. Whether a higher aerobic fitness is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and their regulatory factors in skeletal muscle remains unknown. Although oestrogens could promote a higher antioxidant capacity in females, it remains unknown whether a sex dimorphism exists in humans regarding the antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle.

Validity and reliability of seismocardiography for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (ie, peak oxygen consumption [Opeak]) is associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality and is recognized as an important clinical tool in the assessment of patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is the gold standard procedure for determination of Opeak but has methodological challenges as it is time-consuming and requires specialized equipment and trained professionals. Seismofit is a chest-mounted medical device for estimating Opeak at rest using seismocardiography.

Prolonged Endurance Exercise Increases Macrophage Content and Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue in Trained Men.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged endurance exercise on adipose tissue inflammation markers and mitochondrial respiration in younger and older men.

Methods: "Young" (aged 30 years, n = 7) and "old" (aged 65 years, n = 7) trained men were exposed to an exercise intervention of 15 consecutive days biking 7 to 9 hours/day at 63% and 65% of maximal heart rate (young and old, respectively), going from Copenhagen, Denmark to Palermo, Italy. Adipose tissue was sampled from both the gluteal and abdominal depot before and after the intervention.

Cross-species comparison of pregnancy-induced GDF15.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-induced cytokine. Although the exact physiological function of GDF15 is not yet fully comprehended, the significant elevation of circulating GDF15 levels during gestation suggests a potential role for this hormone in pregnancy. This is corroborated by genetic association studies in which GDF15 and the GDF15 receptor, GDNF family receptor alpha like (GFRAL) have been linked to morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) in humans.

Effects of Aerobic Training and Semaglutide Treatment on Pancreatic β-Cell Secretory Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Prior to this study, it is known that type 2 diabetes is linked to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, leading to inadequate β-cell function and insulin resistance. Limited research has explored the metabolic effects of combining exercise training with antidiabetic medications, particularly focusing on insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderately preserved β-cell function.

Objective: The effect of the interaction of semaglutide and physical training on pancreatic β-cell secretory function is unknown in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Physical activity impacts resting skeletal muscle myosin conformation and lowers its ATP consumption.

It has recently been established that myosin, the molecular motor protein, is able to exist in two conformations in relaxed skeletal muscle. These conformations are known as the super-relaxed (SRX) and disordered-relaxed (DRX) states and are finely balanced to optimize ATP consumption and skeletal muscle metabolism. Indeed, SRX myosins are thought to have a 5- to 10-fold reduction in ATP turnover compared with DRX myosins.

Effect of Simvastatin Treatment on Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Status of Human White Adipose Tissue.

Background: Statin therapy has shown pleiotropic effects affecting both mitochondrial function and inflammatory status. However, few studies have investigated the concurrent effects of statin exposure on mitochondrial function and inflammatory status in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue.

Objectives: In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on mitochondrial function and inflammatory status in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of 55 human participants: 38 patients (19 females/19 males) in primary prevention with simvastatin (> 40 mg/d, > 3 mo) and 17 controls (9 females/8 males) with elevated plasma cholesterol.

Accuracy of a Clinical Applicable Method for Prediction of VO2max Using Seismocardiography.

Cardiorespiratory fitness measured as ˙VOmax is considered an important variable in the risk prediction of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Non-exercise ˙VOmax prediction models are applicable, but lack accuracy. Here a model for the prediction of ˙VOmax using seismocardiography (SCG) was investigated.

Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Statin Treated Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Myalgia and new-onset of type 2 diabetes have been associated with statin treatment, which both could be linked to reduced coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in skeletal muscle and impaired mitochondrial function. Supplementation with CoQ10 focusing on levels of CoQ10 in skeletal muscle and mitochondrial function has not been investigated in patients treated with statins. To investigate whether concomitant administration of CoQ10 with statins increases the muscle CoQ10 levels and improves the mitochondrial function, and if changes in muscle CoQ10 levels correlate with changes in the intensity of myalgia.

A randomized double-blind single center study of testosterone replacement therapy or placebo in testicular cancer survivors with mild Leydig cell insufficiency (Einstein-intervention).

Introduction: Elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) in combination with low-normal testosterone (mild Leydig cell insufficiency) is common in testicular cancer (TC) survivors and is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and metabolic syndrome. The aim was to evaluate if testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) improves metabolic health in this subgroup of TC survivors.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

A Model for Estimating Biological Age From Physiological Biomarkers of Healthy Aging: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Individual differences in the rate of aging and susceptibility to disease are not accounted for by chronological age alone. These individual differences are better explained by biological age, which may be estimated by biomarker prediction models. In the light of the aging demographics of the global population and the increase in lifestyle-related morbidities, it is interesting to invent a new biological age model to be used for health promotion.