Presumed cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) mimicking Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS) in canines.

Objective: To describe functional and structural features of presumed cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) mimicking sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in dogs and describe treatment outcomes.

Animals: Subjects were 17 dogs from 8 eight US states and Canada diagnosed with SARDS or immune-mediated retinitis (IMR) by 12 ophthalmologists. Nine eyes from seven deceased patients were used for microarray (MA), histology, or immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.

Optical coherence tomography and molecular analysis of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) eyes suggests the immune-mediated nature of retinal damage.

Objective: To perform detailed analysis of retinal changes in dogs with SARDS using optical coherence tomography (OCT), funduscopy, and molecular analysis.

Animals: Subjects were 29 dogs from 12 US states and Canada diagnosed with SARDS by 8 ophthalmologists. An additional 7 eyes from 5 deceased SARDS dogs were used for molecular and histological analysis.

Variants in Nebulin (NEB) Are Linked to the Development of Familial Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in Basset Hounds.

Several dog breeds are susceptible to developing primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), which suggests a genetic basis for the disease. We have identified a four-generation Basset Hound pedigree with characteristic autosomal recessive PACG that closely recapitulates PACG in humans. Our aim is to utilize gene mapping and whole exome sequencing approaches to identify PACG-causing sequence variants in the Basset.

Identification of genetic loci associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma in the basset hound.

Purpose: Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in dogs is usually caused by the gradual collapse of the iridocorneal angle and cleft, eventually leading to aqueous humor (AH) outflow obstruction. The condition occurs in several breeds of dogs and the prognosis for affected animals is typically poor. We have identified several basset hound (BH) pedigrees, as well as unrelated cases with characteristic PACG that in many aspects recapitulates PACG in human patients.

Detection and characterization of glaucoma-like canine retinal tissues using Raman spectroscopy.

Early detection of pathological changes and progression in glaucoma and other neuroretinal diseases remains a great challenge and is critical to reduce permanent structural and functional retina and optic nerve damage. Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive technique that provides rapid biochemical characterization of tissues in a nondestructive and noninvasive fashion. In this study, spectroscopic analysis was conducted on the retinal tissues of seven beagles with acute elevation of intraocular pressure (AEIOP), six beagles with compressive optic neuropathy (CON), and five healthy beagles.

Retinal ganglion cell damage in an experimental rodent model of blast-mediated traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: To evaluate retina and optic nerve damage following experimental blast injury.

Methods: Healthy adult mice were exposed to an overpressure blast wave using a custom-built blast chamber. The effects of blast exposure on retina and optic nerve function and structure were evaluated using the pattern electroretinogram (pERG), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the chromatic pupil light reflex.

Rapid diagnosis of retina and optic nerve abnormalities in canine patients with and without cataracts using chromatic pupil light reflex testing.

Objective: To develop fast and reliable testing routines for diagnosing retina and optic nerve diseases in canine cataract patients based on chromatic properties of the pupillary light reflex response.

Procedures: Seventy-seven canine patients with a history of cataract and decreased vision (43 patients with cataracts and no evidence of retina or optic nerve disease, 21 patients with cataracts and retinal degeneration [RD], 13 patients with cataracts and retinal detachment [RDT]), 11 canine patients with optic neuritis (ON) and 23 healthy dogs were examined using chromatic pupillary light reflex (cPLR) analysis with red and blue light and electroretinography.

Results: Electroretinography analysis showed statistically significant deficits in a- and b-wave amplitudes in dogs with cataracts and RD, or cataracts and RDT, when compared to dogs with cataracts without evidence of retinal abnormalities.

Characterization of structure and function of the mouse retina using pattern electroretinography, pupil light reflex, and optical coherence tomography.

Objective: To perform in vivo analysis of retinal functional and structural parameters in healthy mouse eyes.

Animal Studied: Adult C57BL/6 male mice (n = 37).

Procedures: Retinal function was evaluated using pattern electroretinography (pERG) and the chromatic pupil light reflex (cPLR).

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) assessment of the healthy female canine retina and optic nerve.

Objective: To provide normative data for canine whole retinal thickness (WRT), nerve fiber layer thickness (NFL), photoreceptor layer thickness (PR), and outer nuclear layer thickness (ONL) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Animal Studied: Twelve healthy adult intact female beagles.

Procedure: Horizontal volume scans through the area dorso-temporal from the optic nerve (superior retina), and the area ventro-temporal from the optic nerve (inferior retina) were used to evaluate the thickness of retinal NFL, PR, ONL, and WRT.

Exploring Raman spectroscopy for the evaluation of glaucomatous retinal changes.

Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and subsequent loss of visual function. Early detection of glaucoma is critical for the prevention of permanent structural damage and irreversible vision loss. Raman spectroscopy is a technique that provides rapid biochemical characterization of tissues in a nondestructive and noninvasive fashion.

Neuroinflammation in advanced canine glaucoma.

Purpose: The pathophysiological events that occur in advanced glaucoma are not well characterized. The principal purpose of this study is to characterize the gene expression changes that occur in advanced glaucoma.

Methods: Retinal RNA was obtained from canine eyes with advanced glaucoma as well as from healthy eyes.

Incidence of seizures associated with iopamidol or iomeprol myelography in dogs with intervertebral disk disease: 161 cases (2000-2002).

Objective: To compare the incidence of seizures in dogs with intervertebral disk disease after iopamidol or iomeprol myelography, and to assess whether the incidence of seizures differed between the 2 agents when severity of neurological deficits, location of cord compression, duration of anesthesia, site of myelogram, volume of contrast, and concentration of contrast were evaluated.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital.

Functional and structural changes in a canine model of hereditary primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Purpose: To characterize functional and structural changes in a canine model of hereditary primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated with tonometry in a colony of glaucomatous dogs at 8, 15, 18, 20, and 30 months of age. Retinal function was evaluated using electroretinography (scotopic, photopic, and pattern).

Allogeneic and autogenous transplantations of MSCs in treatment of the physeal bone bridge in rabbits.

Background: The aim of this experimental study on New Zealand's white rabbits was to find differences in the results of treating the distal physeal femoral defect by the transplantation of autologous or allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). After the excision of a created bone bridge in the distal physis of the right femur, modified composite scaffold with MSCs was transplanted into the defect. In animal Group A (n = 11) autogenous MSCs were implanted; in animal Group B (n = 15) allogeneic MSCs were implanted.

Antibody-mediated retinopathies in canine patients: mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment modalities.

Antibody-mediated retinopathies may be widely present among the canine population. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for visual preservation and reversal of blindness in these patients. The principal purpose of this review is to describe the mechanistic basis, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for retinal diseases causing sudden onset of blindness with absence of typical signs of intraocular inflammation or retinal degeneration-sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and immune-mediated retinitis.