Behavioral and Cognitive Impacts of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are becoming increasingly popular as treatments for physical and psychological problems. Recently, several studies have suggested that MBIs may also be effective in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most studies have examined the effectiveness in children, but there are now a sufficient number of individual treatment trials to consider a systematic review in adults.

Intergenerational transmission of fronto-parietal dysfunction during forethought in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study.

There are only a few published reports of neural abnormalities within the families of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare cerebral activation of ADHD and control biological parent-child dyads during forethought, a prospective function of working memory. Reduced activations in ADHD dyads were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, right superior parietal lobule and left inferior parietal lobule.

Atypical Activations of Fronto-Cerebellar Regions During Forethought in Parents of Children With ADHD.

Objective: Although several studies suggest heritability of ADHD, only a few investigations of possible associations between people at risk and neural abnormalities in ADHD exist. In this study, we tested whether parents of children with ADHD would show atypical patterns of cerebral activations during forethought, a feature of working memory.

Method: Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we compared 12 parents of children with ADHD and 9 parents of control children during a forethought task.

[Not Available].

Objective: This study aims at examining risk factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) such as comorbidities and adversity factors in members of a family with ADHD.

Methods: 137 parents of 104 children with ADHD and 40 parents of 34 typically developing (TD) children filled a questionnaire. Chi-square tests and Student tests measured the association between each group and items of the questionnaire as well as the differences between the groups.

Neural correlates of forethought in ADHD.

Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to delineate the neural correlates of forethought in the ADHD children relative to typically developing (TD) children.

Method: In all, 21 TD and 23 ADHD adolescents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a forethought task. The participants had to identify congruent and incongruent stimuli from cartoon stories representing sequences of action.

Processing of musical structure by high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.

Enhanced pitch perception and memory have been cited as evidence of a local processing bias in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This bias is argued to account for enhanced perceptual functioning ( Mottron & Burack, 2001 ; Mottron, Dawson, Soulières, Hubert, & Burack, 2006 ) and central coherence theories of ASD ( Frith, 1989 ; Happé & Frith, 2006 ). A local processing bias confers a different cognitive style to individuals with ASD ( Happé, 1999 ), which accounts in part for their good visuospatial and visuoconstructive skills.

Emotion perception in music in high-functioning adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) succeed at a range of musical tasks. The ability to recognize musical emotion as belonging to one of four categories (happy, sad, scared or peaceful) was assessed in high-functioning adolescents with ASD (N = 26) and adolescents with typical development (TD, N = 26) with comparable performance IQ, auditory working memory, and musical training and experience. When verbal IQ was controlled for, there was no significant effect of diagnostic group.

A verbal planning impairment in adult ADHD indexed by script generation tasks.

Objective: Though juvenile and adult ADHD cases are well known to have a nonverbal planning impairment, a verbal-planning impairment has been demonstrated only in juvenile ADHD. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether a verbal planning impairment also characterizes adult ADHD.

Methods: A cohort of 30 adult ADHD clients of a university psychological clinic are compared to 30 age-, education-, gender-, and IQ-matched persons recruited from the general population who did not have ADHD.

[Risk factors in families of children with disorder attention deficit/hyperactivity: Quebec data].

Introduction: This paper focuses on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and links with other disorders in the child and his/her parents. Adversity factors are presented around the family life and their impact on ADHD. Families who have a child with ADHD are compared to families who do not.