Nonlinear dynamics of miniature optoelectronic oscillators based on whispering-gallery mode electrooptical modulators.

We propose a time-domain model to analyze the dynamical behavior of miniature optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) based on whispering-gallery mode resonators. In these systems, the whispering-gallery mode resonator features a quadratic nonlinearity and operates as an electrooptical modulator, thereby eliminating the need for an integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator. The narrow optical resonances also eliminate the need for both an optical fiber delay line and an electric bandpass filter in the optoelectronic feedback loop.