In vivo emergence of a still uncommon resistance to fidaxomicin in the urgent antimicrobial resistance threat Clostridioides difficile.

Background: Fidaxomicin is a first-line treatment for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs). Fidaxomicin resistance has rarely been reported in this urgent antimicrobial resistance threat as defined by the CDC.

Objectives: To report a case of fidaxomicin-resistant C.

Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.

The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) are a global public health issue. This problem also concerns urinary tract infections (UTI), which are the second most frequent infections after respiratory infections. The objective of this study was to determine MDR-E frequency and to characterize MDR-E isolates from patients with community-acquired UTIs in Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.

Epidemiology and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals and the environment in West and Central Africa.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are widespread. Here we used the 'One Health' approach to determine knowledge gaps on ESBL-E and CPE in West and Central Africa. We searched all articles on ESBL-E and CPE in these African regions published in PubMed, African Journals Online and Google Scholar from 2000 onwards.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase, Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance, and Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli in Burkina Faso.

The spreading of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli (GNB) must be considered as an "urgent" threat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and carbapenemase-producing GNB and to characterize the supporting genes in GNB specimens isolated from patients and healthy volunteers in Burkina Faso. From April to June 2016, carbapenemase-producing GNB screening was performed in 1,230 consecutive clinical specimens, and 158 fecal samples from inpatients and healthy volunteers without digestive pathology at Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso.

[Criterium pencil mines as an alternative to platinum rods (Inoclic) in achievement of the antibiogram in agar medium for countries with limited resources?].

Unlabelled: The realization of the antibiotic susceptibility test in agar is the routine bacteriological examination for the determination and monitoring of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, we report the comparative results between pencil leads for criterium, as an alternative to platinum rods in the realization of the antibiotic susceptibility test.

Methodology: Experimental study evaluating the comparability of the results between Criterium and Inoclic mines (by counting bacterial cells on agar after 5 successive dilutions of reason 10 from a bacterial suspension obtained after piercing through a colony; by measuring the inhibition diameters of 4 ATCC reference bacterial strains on an antibiogram in an agar medium) and evaluating the sterility of the criterium mines by culturing them on enriched broth (heart - brain type).

Comparing identification of clinically relevant Prevotella species by VITEK MS and MALDI biotyper.

In this multicenter study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of MALDI Biotyper and VITEK MS, for identification of Prevotella species. Three hundred and fourteen clinical isolates, collected in eight European countries between January 2014 and April 2016, were identified at the collecting sites by MALDI Biotyper (versions 3.0 and 3.

Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing in hospital and community settings in Chad.

Background: Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) remains poorly documented in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE fecal carriage in Chad.

Methods: In total, 200 fresh stool samples were collected from 100 healthy community volunteers and 100 hospitalized patients from January to March 2017.

Spread of NDM-5 and OXA-181 Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli in Chad.

We detected for the first time and in isolates from hospitalized patients and healthy volunteers in Chad. These resistance genes were located on IncX3 and IncF plasmids. Despite the large diversity of clones, the identified resistant intestinal isolates belonged mainly to the same sequence type.

Cervical anaerobic vertebral osteomyelitis following surgical tracheotomy: a case report.

Background: We report a rare case of anaerobic vertebral osteomyelitis associated with surgical tracheotomy which has never been reported to the best of our knowledge.

Case Presentation: A healthy 39-year-old man was admitted to intensive care for a severe brain trauma injury where a surgical tracheotomy was performed. He was discharged to a rehabilitation centre after 54 days hospital stay.

Assessment of the Activities of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam and Ceftazidime/Avibactam in a Collection of Beta-Lactam-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Clinical Isolates at Montpellier University Hospital, France.

To assess ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) activity in beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and clinical isolates from major carbapenem-using Departments at Montpellier University Hospital, France. We tested third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (by production of extended spectrum β-lactamase or other mechanisms, mainly AmpC beta-lactamases) and ceftazidime- and/or carbapenem-resistant strains isolated from clinical samples of patients hospitalized from January 2017 to May 2017 and August 2016 to July 2017, respectively. We also included all OXA-48 beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in the whole hospital from October 2015 to May 2017.

Whole-Genome Sequences of a Cluster of 14 Unidentified Related sp. Strains from Human Clinical Samples and Type Strains of 3 Validated Species.

We report 17 draft genomes for 14 unidentified sp. strains closely related in 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny and type strains of 3 species with the aims of deciphering relationships between related species, evaluating the accuracy of current thresholds for species delineation, and robustly describing new species in the genus.

High prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in Chadian hospitals.

Background: Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) represent a major problem in the management of nosocomial infections. However, ESBL-PE are not systematically monitored in African countries. The aim of this study was to determine ESBL-PE prevalence in patients from three hospitals in N'Djamena, the capital city of Chad, and to characterize the genetic origin of the observed resistance.

Transmission of IMI-2 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from river water to human.

Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are increasing worldwide in human infections. The role of rivers as reservoirs is highlighted, but transmission from the environment to humans is not documented. A human case of bacteraemia caused by IMI-2 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter asburiae following massive river water exposure underwent microbiological investigations with the aim of deciphering the origin and mechanism of infection.

Performance of mass spectrometric identification of clinical Prevotella species using the VITEK MS system: A prospective multi-center study.

Prevotella species, members of the human microbiota, can cause opportunistic infections. Rapid and accurate identification of Prevotella isolates plays a critical role in successful treatment, especially since the antibiotic susceptibility profile differs between species. Studies, mostly carried out using the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Biotyper system, showed that MALDI-TOF MS is an accurate, rapid and satisfactory method for the identification of clinically important anaerobes.

A multicenter survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of Prevotella species as determined by Etest methodology.

Knowledge about the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different Prevotella species is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the current antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Prevotella species from different parts of Europe, Kuwait and Turkey. Activity of 12 antimicrobials against 508 Prevotella isolates, representing 19 species, were tested according to Etest methodology.

Clinical sources and antimicrobial susceptibility of Prevotella timonensis at the university hospital of Montpellier, France.

We describe 84 clinical isolates of Prevotella timonensis recovered between January 2007 and November 2016 at the University Hospital of Montpellier. They were recovered from a variety of clinical samples, mostly of genital and wound origins. All isolates were isolated from a mixed aerobic and anaerobic microbiota.

VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing in gulls from southern France.

Acquired carbapenemases currently pose one of the most worrying public health threats related to antimicrobial resistance. A NDM-1-producing Corvallis was reported in 2013 in a wild raptor. Further research was needed to understand the role of wild birds in the transmission of bacteria resistant to carbapenems.

Repeated Piperacillin-Tazobactam Plasma Concentration Measurements in Severely Obese Versus Nonobese Critically Ill Septic Patients and the Risk of Under- and Overdosing.

Objective: Obesity and critical illness modify pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, but piperacillin-tazobactam continuous IV infusion pharmacokinetics has been poorly studied in obese critically ill patients. We aimed to compare pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in severely obese and nonobese patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. We hypothesized that plasma concentration variability would expose the critically ill to both piperacillin under and overdosing.