Comparison of Methods of Clinical Trial Emulation Utilizing Data From the Comparison of AMD Treatment Trial (CATT) and the IRIS® Registry.

Purpose: We used exact matching and inverse propensity score weighting (IPSW) using real-world data (RWD) from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) to emulate the 2 pro re nata () treatment arms from the Comparison of AMD Treatment Trial (CATT) and to compare the outcomes of the RWD arms to the 2 monthly treatment arms from the clinical trial.

Design: Retrospective cohort study utilizing deidentified electronic health record registry data and patient-level deidentified clinical trial data.

Subjects: All treatment-naive patient eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with ranibizumab or bevacizumab only for 1 year from either the CATT or the IRIS Registry.

Impact of Anti-VEGF Treatment and Patient Characteristics on Vision Outcomes in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration: Up to 6-Year Analysis of the AAO IRIS® Registry.

Purpose: To evaluate anti-VEGF treatment patterns and the influence of patient demographic and clinical characteristics on up to 6-year vision outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter, noninterventional registry study with up to 6 years of follow-up.

Participants: A cohort of 254 655 eyes (226 767 patients) with first anti-VEGF injection and at least 2 years of follow-up; 160 423 eyes had visual acuity (VA) data.

IRIS Registry (Intelligent Research In Sight) Analysis of the Incidence of Monovision in Cataract Patients with Bilateral Monofocal Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of pseudophakic monovision among patients bilaterally implanted with monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to characterize the distribution of myopic offsets achieved.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective database study included data on patients receiving care from ophthalmologists who contributed to the Academy IRIS (Intelligent Research In Sight) Registry. Anonymized data were collected, including patient age, ethnicity, procedure data (CPT code, date, laterality), and postoperative manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) in both eyes implanted with monofocal or monofocal toric IOLs.

Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Distribution of Visual Acuity and Progression Risk in a Large Registry.

Introduction: Understanding the progression to geographic atrophy (GA) in late dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) can support development opportunities for dAMD treatments. We characterized dAMD by distribution of visual acuity (VA) categories and evaluated VA progression risk by disease stage.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used data from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) to identify patients diagnosed with dAMD in ≥ 1 eye from January 2016 through December 2019 (index date) with ≥ 1 visit and ≥ 1 VA measurement recorded post-index date.

Academy IRIS Registry Analysis of Incidence of Laser Capsulotomy Due to Posterior Capsule Opacification After Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Purpose: Academy IRIS (Intelligent Research in Sight) Registry was used to determine the incidence of postoperative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser capsulotomy (Nd:YAG) and time to posterior capsular opacification (PCO) diagnosis based on intraocular lens (IOL) type and brand.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included eyes implanted with 1 of 2 IOL brands, with ≥365 days of follow-up available in the IRIS Registry, and ≥2 visits within 180 days of surgery. Analyses included Nd:YAG incidence due to PCO within 1 year after surgery by IOL type and brand, mean time to PCO diagnosis, and mean time to Nd:YAG.

A Transparent and Adaptable Method to Extract Colonoscopy and Pathology Data Using Natural Language Processing.

Key variables recorded as text in colonoscopy and pathology reports have been extracted using natural language processing (NLP) tools that were not easily adaptable to new settings. We aimed to develop a reliable NLP tool with broad adaptability. During 1996-2016, Kaiser Permanente Northern California performed 401,566 colonoscopies with linked pathology.

Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Individuals With a History of Serrated Polyps.

Background And Aims: Serrated polyp (SPs) are precursors to 20% to 30% of cases of colorectal tumors, but patients' long-term risk after removal of SPs is poorly understood. We investigated the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals with a history of SPs.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California members who underwent colonoscopy from 2006 through 2016.

Proton Pump Inhibitors, H Blocker Use, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children.

Objectives: Evidence suggests use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H blockers may provoke disease flares in individuals with established inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, there are no studies investigating the relationship of these medications with risk of developing pediatric IBD. The hypothesis was that use of acid suppression therapy in children might be associated with development of pediatric IBD.

Methods: This was a nested case-control study of 285 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members, age ≤21 years diagnosed with IBD from 1996 to 2016.

Hospital-level factors associated with nonoperative management in common pediatric surgical procedures.

Purpose: Our purpose was to examine patient- and hospital-level factors associated with nonoperative management in common pediatric surgical diagnoses.

Methods: Using the 2012 Kid's Inpatient Database (KID), we identified patients <20 years old diagnosed with cholecystitis (CHOL), bowel obstruction (BO), perforated appendicitis (PA), or spontaneous pneumothorax (SPTX). Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with nonoperative management.

Long-term follow-up of pediatric open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

Background: Pediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is not widely accepted.

Study Design: Children 0-14 years who underwent inguinal hernia repair during 2010-2016 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California were classified into five groups: (1) open unilateral repair without contralateral exploration; (2) open unilateral repair with contralateral laparoscopic exploration ("open+explore"); (3) open bilateral repair; (4) laparoscopic unilateral repair; and (5) laparoscopic bilateral repair. Outcomes included ipsilateral reoperation, metachronous contralateral repair, incision time, and complications.

Comparative effectiveness study of face-to-face and teledermatology workflows for diagnosing skin cancer.

Background: The effectiveness and value of teledermatology and face-to-face workflows for diagnosing lesions are not adequately understood.

Objective: We compared the risks of biopsy and cancer diagnosis among 2 face-to-face workflows (direct referral and roving dermatologist) and 4 teledermatology workflows.

Methods: Retrospective study of 59,279 primary care patients presenting with a lesion from January through June 2017.

Understanding Nonadherence with Hydroxychloroquine Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a cornerstone to managing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet adherence to medication is poor. We sought to measure the association of adherence with 5 "dimensions of adherence" as articulated by the World Health Organization for chronic conditions: the patient's socioeconomic status, and patient-, condition-, therapy-, and healthcare system-related factors. Our longterm goal is to generate evidence to design effective interventions to increase adherence.

Reducing risk of infection and overall use of antibiotic in the outpatient treatment of urinary tract infection.

Background: Risk of community-acquired infection (CA-CDI) following antibiotic treatment specifically for urinary tract infection (UTI) has not been evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2007-2010, to assess antibiotic prescribing and other factors in relation to risk of CA-CDI in outpatients with uncomplicated UTI. Cases were diagnosed with CA-CDI within 90 days of antibiotic use.

Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery: surgeon preferences and concerns.

Objective: We surveyed cataract surgeons to gain insight into their perceptions of and attitudes about immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS).

Design: Cross-sectional.

Participants: All active cataract surgeons in Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2016.

Defining the association between operative time and outcomes in children's surgery.

Introduction: Prolonged operative time (OT) is considered a reflection of procedural complexity and may be associated with poor outcomes. Our purpose was to explore the association between prolonged OT and complications in children's surgery.

Methods: 182,857 cases from the 2012-2014 NSQIP-Pediatric were organized into 33 groups.

Comparison of Outcomes between Individuals with Pure and Mixed Lupus Nephritis: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Histologic overlap is relatively common in the six pathologic classes (I to VI) of LN. For example, mixed proliferative LN (MPLN) often includes features of classes III & V or classes IV & V combined.

Non-viable Borrelia burgdorferi induce inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in human oligodendrocytes.

In previous studies, exposure to live Borrelia burgdorferi was shown to induce inflammation and apoptosis of human oligodendrocytes. In this study we assessed the ability of non-viable bacteria (heat killed or sonicated) to induce inflammatory mediators and cell death. Both heat-killed and sonicated bacteria induced release of CCL2, IL-6, and CXCL8 from oligodendrocytes in a dose dependent manner.