Human milk oligosaccharides in breast milk and 2-year outcome in preterm infants: An exploratory analysis.

Background & Aims: The health benefit of human milk (HM) for preterm infant development is known but the role of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) contained in HM remains underexplored. We explored the relationship between exposure to HMOs contained in mother's milk and growth and neurodevelopment at 2-years corrected age in preterm infants.

Methods: Exclusively breastfed preterm infants born between 27 and 34 weeks of gestation were enrolled in a monocentric prospective observational study, LACTACOL.

Perinatal Administration of C-Phycocyanin Protects Against Atherosclerosis in apoE-Deficient Mice by Modulating Cholesterol and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Metabolisms.

Objective: Gestational hypercholesterolemia concomitantly with a highly oxidative environment is associated with higher atherosclerosis in human and animal offspring. This work aimed to determine whether perinatal administration of a C-phycocyanin concentrate, a powerful antioxidant, can protect against atherosclerosis development in genetically hypercholesterolemic mice in adult life. Approach and Results: C-Phycocyanin was administered during gestation solely or gestation and lactation to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

Maternal Microbiota Transfer Programs Offspring Eating Behavior.

Understanding the link between mother's obesity and regulation of the child's appetite is a prerequisite for the design of successful preventive strategies. Beyond the possible contributions of genetic heritage, family culture, and hormonal and metabolic environment during pregnancy, we investigate in the present paper the causal role of the transmission of the maternal microbiotas in obesity as microbiotas differ between lean and obese mothers, maternal microbiotas are the main determinants of a baby's gut colonization, and the intestinal microbiota resulting from the early colonization could impact the feeding behavior of the offspring with short- and long-term consequences on body weight. We thus investigated the potential role of vertical transfers of maternal microbiotas in programming the eating behavior of the offspring.

Breast milk protein content at week 3 after birth and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants fed fortified breast milk.

Background: Feeding supplemented mother milk during hospital stay improves neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Yet the composition of mother milk varies widely between subjects. The relationship between this variation and outcome is unknown.

Correction: Alexandre-Gouabau et al. "Comprehensive Preterm Breast Milk Metabotype Associated with Optimal Infant Early Growth Pattern", , 2019, , 528.

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Simultaneous exploration of nutrients and pollutants in human milk and their impact on preterm infant growth: An integrative cross-platform approach.

Early nutritional management including fortified human breastmilk is currently recommended to fulfil the energy demands and counterbalance risks associated to preterm birth. However, little is known about the potential adverse effects of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) carried in human milk on preterm infant growth. We conducted a pilot study proving the application of an integrative analytical approach based on mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to advanced statistical models, favouring the comprehensive molecular profiling to support the identification of multiple biomarkers.

Neonatal Consumption of Oligosaccharides Greatly Increases L-Cell Density without Significant Consequence for Adult Eating Behavior.

Oligosaccharides (OS) are commonly added to infant formulas, however, their physiological impact, particularly on adult health programming, is poorly described. In adult animals, OS modify microbiota and stimulate colonic fermentation and enteroendocrine cell (EEC) activity. Since neonatal changes in microbiota and/or EEC density could be long-lasting and EEC-derived peptides do regulate short-term food intake, we hypothesized that neonatal OS consumption could modulate early EECs, with possible consequences for adult eating behavior.

Comprehensive Preterm Breast Milk Metabotype Associated with Optimal Infant Early Growth Pattern.

Early nutrition impacts preterm infant early growth rate and brain development but can have long lasting effects as well. Although human milk is the gold standard for feeding new born full-term and preterm infants, little is known about the effects of its bioactive compounds on breastfed preterm infants' growth outcomes. This study aims to determine whether breast milk metabolome, glycome, lipidome, and free-amino acids profiles analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry had any impact on the early growth pattern of preterm infants.

Breast Milk Lipidome Is Associated with Early Growth Trajectory in Preterm Infants.

Human milk is recommended for feeding preterm infants. The current pilot study aims to determine whether breast-milk lipidome had any impact on the early growth-pattern of preterm infants fed their own mother's milk. A prospective-monocentric-observational birth-cohort was established, enrolling 138 preterm infants, who received their own mother's breast-milk throughout hospital stay.

MiRNA Analysis by Quantitative PCR in Preterm Human Breast Milk Reveals Daily Fluctuations of hsa-miR-16-5p.

Background And Aims: Human breast milk is an extremely dynamic fluid containing many biologically-active components which change throughout the feeding period and throughout the day. We designed a miRNA assay on minimized amounts of raw milk obtained from mothers of preterm infants. We investigated changes in miRNA expression within month 2 of lactation and then over the course of 24 hours.

Calibration Adjustment of the Mid-infrared Analyzer for an Accurate Determination of the Macronutrient Composition of Human Milk.

Background: Human milk composition analysis seems essential to adapt human milk fortification for preterm neonates. The Miris human milk analyzer (HMA), based on mid-infrared methodology, is convenient for a unique determination of macronutrients. However, HMA measurements are not totally comparable with reference methods (RMs).

Optimization of a synthetic mixture composed of major Trichoderma reesei enzymes for the hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw.

Background: An efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates to soluble sugars for biofuel production necessitates the interplay and synergistic interaction of multiple enzymes. An optimized enzyme mixture is crucial for reduced cost of the enzymatic hydrolysis step in a bioethanol production process and its composition will depend on the substrate and type of pretreatment used. In the present study, an experimental design was used to determine the optimal composition of a Trichoderma reesei enzyme mixture, comprising the main cellulase and hemicellulase activities, for the hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw.

Non-invasive exploration of neonatal gastric epithelium by using exfoliated epithelial cells.

Background & Aims: In preterm infants, exfoliated gastric epithelial cells can be retrieved from aspirates sampled through the naso-gastric feeding tube. Our aims were to determine (1) whether the recovery of exfoliated cells is feasible at any time from birth through the removal of the nasogastric tube, (2) whether they can be grown in culture in vitro, and (3) whether the physiological state of exfoliated cells expressing H+/K+ -ATPases reflects that of their counterparts remaining in situ at the surface of the gastric epithelium in neonatal rat pups.

Methods: In infants, gastric fluid aspirates were collected weekly after birth or every 3 hours over 24-h periods, and related to clinical parameters (Biocollection PROG/09/18).