Timing of semen cryopreservation: before or after processing?

Objective: Seminal cryopreservation causes significant damage to the sperm; therefore, different methods of cryopreservation have been studied. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of density gradient processing and washing/centrifugation with seminal plasma removal for cryopreservation in semen parameters.

Methods: Seminal samples of 26 normozoospermic patients were divided into 3 parts: with seminal plasma; after washing/centrifugation; and after selection through density gradient.

Gender affirming hormone therapy and transgender women fertility: Histologic predictors of germ cell presence.

Objective: Evaluate histological changes in testicular parameters after hormone treatment in transgender women.

Methods: Cross-section study with patients who underwent gonadectomy at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre from 2011 to 2019. Hormone treatment type, route of administration, age at initiation and duration were recorded.

Medical Residents, the Group and the Formation of Professional Identity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Residency is still considered the gold standard for quality medical training, and acquiring a professional identity as a specialist is one of its central elements. Residents obtain this identity through both the educational environment and direct interaction with peers and supervisors. However, modifications in health care and educational routines during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have significantly impaired these channels.

Voice, Speech, and Clinical Aspects During Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Pregnancy involves anatomical, physiological, and metabolic changes in a woman's body. However, the effects of these changes on the voice remains unclear, particularly regarding the clinical characteristics.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate changes in vocal and speech acoustic measures and the relationship between them and clinical aspects in women during pregnancy.

Ovarian Tissue Culture to Preserve Fertility in Transgender Male Patients after Hormonal Treatment.

Objective:  To evaluate the reproductive and histological characteristics of fresh cultured ovarian tissue from transgender male patients.

Methods:  An in vitro pilot study in which samples were collected during sex reassignment surgery for transgender male patients. The ovarian cortex was cut into fragments of 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm, and placed in a 96-well plate suitable for cultivation at days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8, when the histology was analyzed.

Semen Analysis of Total Motile Sperm Count Based on the 1999 and 2010 WHO Criteria.

Objective: Approximately 15% of the couples suffer from infertility. Half of the cases of infertility are due to male factors. Several sperm function tests have been proposed to evaluate male fertility, but sperm analysis is still the first and most important diagnostic test for male infertility.

Contribution of Ultra-processed Food to the Daily Food Intake of HIV-positive and HIV-Negative Women during Pregnancy.

Objective:  To assess the daily dietary intake and energy contribution of ultra-processed foods among women who are positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy.

Methods:  This case-control study included 77 HIV-positive and 79 HIV-negative puerperal women between 2015 and 2016. The socioeconomic and maternal demographic data were assessed, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for pregnant women was applied.

Antral Follicles Count and Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels after Gonadotoxic Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer: Cohort Study.

 To assess ovarian reserve (OVR) by means of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle count (AFC) measurement in eumenorrheic women with breast cancer, exposed to gonadotoxic chemotherapy.  Fifty-two women (35.3 ± 3.

Ovarian steroid hormones modulate the expression of progesterone receptors and histone acetylation patterns in uterine leiomyoma cells.

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign smooth muscle cell tumors in women. Estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4) and environmental factors play important roles in the development of these tumors. New treatments, such as mifepristone, have been proposed.

Impact of tubal ligation on ovarian reserve as measured by anti-Müllerian hormone levels: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Tubal ligation (TL) is considered a very efficient contraceptive method. However, some patients complain of a variety of postoperative symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ovarian reserve may change after tubal ligation.

Mechanical processing of hyperviscous semen specimens can negatively affect sperm DNA fragmentation.

Introduction: The present study compared the DNA fragmentation in human sperm samples with reduced, physiological, and increased viscosity in order to evaluate whether the process used to reduce viscosity (expulsion of semen through a needle and syringe) alters significantly sperm DNA fragmentation.

Methods: The seminal parameters of semen samples from 123 patients were evaluated and classified according to their viscosity. Samples with increased viscosity were submitted to a process of expulsion of semen through a 10-mL syringe and an 18-gauge (18G) needle to reduce the seminal viscosity.

Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and substrate 1 (IRS-1) expression in human myometrium and leiomyoma.

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the commonest tumors of the genital tract. Growth factors seem to be implicated in the development of leiomyoma.

Objective: To determine the insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase activity--phosphorylation of exogenous substrate poly(Glu 4: Tyr 1)--and insulin receptor substrate 1 expression in normal myometrium and leiomyoma.