Carcinogenic pollutants o-nitroanisole and o-anisidine are substrates and inducers of cytochromes P450.

2-Methoxyaniline (o-anisidine) and 2-methoxynitrobenzene (o-nitroanisole) are important pollutants and potent carcinogens for rodents. o-Anisidine is oxidized by microsomes of rats and rabbits to N-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine that is also formed as the reduction metabolite of o-nitroanisole. o-Anisidine is a promiscuity substrate of rat and rabbit cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, because CYPs of 1A, 2B, 2E and 3A subfamilies oxidize o-anisidine.

Identification of a genotoxic mechanism for the carcinogenicity of the environmental pollutant and suspected human carcinogen o-anisidine.

2-methoxyaniline (o-anisidine) is an industrial and environmental pollutant and a bladder carcinogen for rodents. The mechanism of its carcinogenicity was investigated with 2 independent methods, 32P-postlabeling and 14C-labeled o-anisidine, to show that o-anisidine binds covalently to DNA in vitro after its activation by human hepatic microsomes. We also investigated the capacity of o-anisidine to form DNA adducts in vivo.

Expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 and its contribution to oxidation of a potential human carcinogen 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I) in human livers.

Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is one of the most important enzymes implicated in the metabolic activation of carcinogens. To date, there is still conflicting evidence for the expression of enzymatically functional CYP1A1 in human liver. In the present work, we clearly demonstrate that CYP1A1 capable of metabolizing a carcinogen 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I) is expressed in livers of eight American Caucasian donors.

Enzymes involved in the metabolism of the carcinogen 2-nitroanisole: evidence for its oxidative detoxication by human cytochromes P450.

2-Nitroanisole (2-NA) is an important industrial pollutant and a potent carcinogen for rodents. Determining the capability of humans to metabolize 2-NA and understanding which human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are involved in its activation and/or detoxification are important to assess an individual's susceptibility to this environmental carcinogen. We compared the ability of hepatic microsomal samples from different species including human to metabolize 2-NA.

Sanguinarine and chelerythrine: assessment of safety on pigs in ninety days feeding experiment.

Sanguinaria canadesis, Chelidonium majus and Macleya cordata have been used for centuries as alternative medicines. Currently the extracts from these medicinal plants are components of veterinary and human phytopreparations, and of oral-hygiene agents. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine (SA/CHE) are biologically active components of these extracts.

Sudan I is a potential carcinogen for humans: evidence for its metabolic activation and detoxication by human recombinant cytochrome P450 1A1 and liver microsomes.

1-Phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthol (Sudan I, C.I. Solvent Yellow 14) is a liver and urinary bladder carcinogen in mammals.