Core Competences of School Nurses for the Development of Anti-Bullying Strategies: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: School nurses are capable of fostering safe and healthy school environments that are favorable to quality learning and social interactions. To this end, it is essential that they acquire a set of skills needed to implement bullying intervention programs. This article describes the protocol for a scoping review to identify and map the core competences for school nurses to develop anti-bullying strategies.

Spatial distribution and factors influencing the accumulation of toxic metals in soils in mountain agroecosystems, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

The concentrations of toxic metals (TM) were analyzed in 498 samples of agricultural soils used for intensive vegetable cultivation in the watershed of Barracão dos Mendes, Brazil. The goal of this study was to characterize the distribution of these elements and the main natural and anthropogenic factors affecting their accumulation. In general, the average concentrations of TM were higher than the reference quality values for cultivated soils in the region, with the exception of Cr, Co, Ni and Mn, and the average concentration of Cd was ten times greater.

Muscle repair after physiological damage relies on nuclear migration for cellular reconstruction.

Regeneration of skeletal muscle is a highly synchronized process that requires muscle stem cells (satellite cells). We found that localized injuries, as experienced through exercise, activate a myofiber self-repair mechanism that is independent of satellite cells in mice and humans. Mouse muscle injury triggers a signaling cascade involving calcium, Cdc42, and phosphokinase C that attracts myonuclei to the damaged site via microtubules and dynein.

mRNA distribution in skeletal muscle is associated with mRNA size.

Skeletal muscle myofibers are large and elongated cells with multiple and evenly distributed nuclei. Nuclear distribution suggests that each nucleus influences a specific compartment within the myofiber and implies a functional role for nuclear positioning. Compartmentalization of specific mRNAs and proteins has been reported at the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions, but mRNA distribution in non-specialized regions of the myofibers remains largely unexplored.

Cheese manufacturing wastewater treatment by combined physicochemical processes for reuse and fertilizer production.

Making cheese manufacturing environmentally sustainable is a major concern in the integrated management of this industrial sector. This concern is mainly due to the environmental impact of the discharge of its wastewaters, carrying heavy loads of salinity, nutrients, organic matter, solids and oils and fats. These discharges must meet increasingly stringent quality requirements.

Oerskovia paurometabola can efficiently decolorize azo dye Acid Red 14 and remove its recalcitrant metabolite.

The biodegradation of dyes remains one of the biggest challenges of textile wastewater. Azo dyes are one of the most commonly employed dye classes, and biological treatment processes tend to generate recalcitrant aromatic amines, which are more toxic than the parent dye molecule. This study aimed to isolate bacterial strains with the capacity to degrade both the azo dye and the resulting aromatic amines towards the development of a simple and reliable treatment approach for dye-laden wastewaters.

Microglia cytoarchitecture in the brain of adenosine A receptor knockout mice: Brain region and sex specificities.

Microglia cells exert a critical role in brain development, mainly supported by their immune functions, which predicts an impact on the genesis of psychiatric disorders. In fact, microglia stress during gestation is, for instance, associated with chronic anxiety and cognitive deficits accompanied by long-lasting, region- and sex-specific changes in microglia morphology. We recently reported that the pattern of microglia morphologic plasticity, which is sex-determined, impacts on anxious-like behaviour and cognition.

Storage mechanisms in constructed wetlands: Should we modify heterotrophic bacteria modelling?

This study investigated the occurrence of storage mechanisms in biofilm from constructed wetlands (CWs) through respirometric studies and calculated the corresponding heterotrophic growth yields. Respirometric tests were performed in biofilm extracted from horizontal sub-surface flow CWs batch loaded with three different COD mass loads: 7.0.

Mapping Soil Organic Carbon and Organic Matter Fractions by Geographically Weighted Regression.

The soil organic matter (SOM) content and dynamic are related to vegetation cover, climate, relief, and geology; these factors have strong variation in space in the southeastern of Brazil. The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate performance of classical multiple linear regressions (MLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) and chemical fractions of organic matter in the Brazilian southeastern mountainous region. The regression models were fitted based on SOC and chemical fractions of SOM.

Impairment of Axonal Transport in Diabetes: Focus on the Putative Mechanisms Underlying Peripheral and Central Neuropathies.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with numerous complications that severely impact on the quality of life of patients. Different neuropathies may arise as complications associated with the nervous system, both peripherally and at the central level. The mechanisms behind these neuronal complications are far from being clarified, but axonal transport impairment, a vital process for neuronal physiology, has been described in the context of experimental diabetes.

Soil heavy metal content on the hillslope region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: reference values.

The increasing concern regarding the preservation of soil quality suggests the adoption of quality reference values as a first step in environmental monitoring actions. In this context, the objective of this study was to establish soil quality reference values for Al, Zn, Mn, Cd, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cu and to correlate several soil properties with the occurrence of these elements in the hillslope region of Rio de Janeiro State. Sixty-two samples were collected at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm and analyzed using the USEPA method 3051A.

Adenosine A Receptor Blockade Modulates Glucocorticoid-Induced Morphological Alterations in Axons, But Not in Dendrites, of Hippocampal Neurons.

The exposure to supra-physiological levels of glucocorticoids in prenatal life can lead to a long-term impact in brain cytoarchitecture, increasing the susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Dexamethasone, an exogenous glucocorticoid widely used in pregnant women in risk of preterm delivery, is associated with higher rates of neuropsychiatric conditions throughout life of the descendants. In animal models, prenatal dexamethasone exposure leads to anxious-like behavior and increased susceptibility to depressive-like behavior in adulthood, concomitant with alterations in neuronal morphology in brain regions implicated in the control of emotions and mood.

Combining biotechnology with circular bioeconomy: From poultry, swine, cattle, brewery, dairy and urban wastewaters to biohydrogen.

The ability of microalgae to grow in nutrient-rich environments and to accumulate nutrients from wastewaters (WW) makes them attractive for the sustainable and low-cost treatment of WW. The valuable biomass produced can be further used for the generation of bioenergy, animal feed, fertilizers, and biopolymers, among others. In this study, Scenedesmus obliquus was able to remove nutrients from different wastewaters (poultry, swine and cattle breeding, brewery and dairy industries, and urban) with removal ranges of 95-100% for nitrogen, 63-99% for phosphorus and 48-70% for chemical oxygen demand.

Bleaching and enamel surface interactions resulting from the use of highly-concentrated bleaching gels.

Tooth bleaching is considered a non-invasive treatment, although the use of highly-concentrated products may provoke increased surface roughness and enamel demineralization, as well as postoperative sensitivity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether hydrogen peroxide (HO) concentration would affect tooth bleaching effectiveness and the enamel surface properties. Enamel/dentin bovine specimens (6 × 4 mm) were immersed in coffee solution for 7 days and evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Easyshade; baseline), using the CIELab color parameters.

Stability of aerobic granules during long-term bioreactor operation.

Aerobic granular sludge technology has been extensively studied over the past 20 years and is regarded as the upcoming new standard for biological treatment of domestic and industrial wastewaters. Aerobic granules (AG) are dense, compact, self-immobilized microbial aggregates that allow better sludge-water separation and thereby higher biomass concentrations in the bioreactor than conventional activated sludge aggregates. This brings potential practical advantages in terms of investment cost, energy consumption and footprint.

Depression as a Glial-Based Synaptic Dysfunction.

Recent studies combining pharmacological, behavioral, electrophysiological and molecular approaches indicate that depression results from maladaptive neuroplastic processes occurring in defined frontolimbic circuits responsible for emotional processing such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and ventral striatum. However, the exact mechanisms controlling synaptic plasticity that are disrupted to trigger depressive conditions have not been elucidated. Since glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) tightly and dynamically interact with synapses, engaging a bi-directional communication critical for the processing of synaptic information, we now revisit the role of glial cells in the etiology of depression focusing on a dysfunction of the "quad-partite" synapse.

Calibration Transfer Between a Bench Scanning and a Submersible Diode Array Spectrophotometer for In Situ Wastewater Quality Monitoring in Sewer Systems.

Online monitoring programs based on spectroscopy have a high application potential for the detection of hazardous wastewater discharges in sewer systems. Wastewater hydraulics poses a challenge for in situ spectroscopy, especially when the system includes storm water connections leading to rapid changes in water depth, velocity, and in the water quality matrix. Thus, there is a need to optimize and fix the location of in situ instruments, limiting their availability for calibration.

Effect of an azo dye on the performance of an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor treating a simulated textile wastewater.

This study analyzed the effect of an azo dye (Acid Red 14) on the performance of an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system operated with 6-h anaerobic-aerobic cycles for the treatment of a synthetic textile wastewater. In this sense, two SBRs inoculated with AGS from a domestic wastewater treatment plant were run in parallel, being one supplied with the dye and the other used as a dye-free control. The AGS successfully adapted to the new hydrodynamic conditions forming smaller, denser granules in both reactors, with optimal sludge volume index values of 19 and 17 mL g(-1) after 5-min and 30-min settling, respectively.

Influence of five home whitening gels and a remineralizing gel on the enamel and dentin ultrastructure and hardness.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of calcium phosphate enhanced home whitening agents on human enamel and dentin surface microhardness and ultramorphology.

Methods: Five intact molars crowns were used for ultrastructural analysis and five for microhardness test. Each resulting coronal structure was cut in slices.

Use of spectra in the visible and near-mid-ultraviolet range with principal component analysis and partial least squares processing for monitoring of suspended solids in municipal wastewater treatment plants.

The present work assesses the possibility of using spectrophotometry in the near-mid-ultraviolet and visible wavelength ranges (282-790 nm) for the direct monitoring of treatment performance in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze spectral data from samples collected along three WWTP process lines with different primary and secondary treatment units. The clustering observed in PCA score plots was mainly attributed to the suspended solids fraction present in the wastewater and highlighted differences in solids quality between plants and along the treatment lines.

Behaviour of different anaerobic populations on the biodegradation of textile chemicals.

The anaerobic biodegradation of textile chemicals was evaluated with inocula grown under mesophilic (37+/-2 degrees C) or thermophilic (55+/-2 degrees C) conditions, on glucose (glucose-grown) or acetate (acetate-grown) as sole carbon sources. Wool dyebath chemicals (acetic acid, a liposomal surfactant, a synthetic amphoteric surfactant), single or as binary acetate-surfactant mixtures, were used as test carbon sources, in the presence or absence of Acid Orange 7 as model dye. First, the two mesophilic inocula (glucose- or acetate-grown) were compared relatively to lag-phase durations, specific biogas production rates, biogas yields and overall COD removal yields.

Kinetic studies of reactive azo dye decolorization in anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors.

The decolorization kinetics of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV-5R) and Remazol Black B (RB-B) (mono- and diazo reactive dyes, respectively) was investigated in the first 9 h (anaerobic phase) of a 24-h cycle anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Two distinct, successive decolorization periods were observed for both dyes, apparently due to different decolorization mechanisms. The apparent first-order rate constants were much lower for the second periods.

Evaluation of an integrated anaerobic/aerobic SBR system for the treatment of wool dyeing effluents. Purification of wool dyeing effluent in a SBR.

This work examined the performance of a sequencing batch reactor treating dyeing effluents from a factory that processes mainly wool and wool/polyester blends. Different operational conditions were evaluated, namely the influence of the anaerobic and the subsequent aerobic phase on the organic load removal, as well as the effect of the length of the aeration period (from 8 to 12 h) on process efficiency. A comparison between a fill stage in fast and slow modes was carried out.

Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus erythropolis, and Pseudomonas putida behavior in the presence of organic solvents.

This work aimed at studying the behavior and tolerance of Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B-3805, Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 and Pseudomonas putida S12 cells in the presence of various concentrations of water miscible (ethanol, butanol, and dimethylformamide, up to 50% v/v) and water immiscible solvents (dodecane, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and toluene, up to 5% v/v). When incubated in the presence of these solvents, the cells were found to have lower tolerance to butanol and toluene than to the remaining solvents.