How do machine learning models perform in the detection of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate students? A systematic review.

Undergraduate students are often impacted by depression, anxiety, and stress. In this context, machine learning may support mental health assessment. Based on the following research question: "How do machine learning models perform in the detection of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate students?", we aimed to evaluate the performance of these models.

The Translated and Adapted Brazilian Version of the Behavioral Enabling Scale for Family Members of Psychoactive Substance Users: An Analysis of the Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency.

Objective: The enabling behaviors of family members of psychoactive substance users can be crucial in maintaining addiction. There are no psychometrically evaluated instruments to measure the frequency of the enabling behaviors of family members of psychoactive substance users. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the internal consistency and factor structure of the Behavioral Enabling Scale.

A pilot study of a new app based on self-compassion for the prevention and promotion of mental health among Brazilian college students.

Introduction: Epidemiological data suggest substantial issues on the mental health of university students worldwide. Self-compassion is associated with lower rates of psychological distress and better positive mental health. Thus, we have developed a app-based intervention based on self-compassion principles targeting the prevention and promotion of mental health in college students.

The use of benzodiazepines and the mental health of women in prison: a cross-sectional study.

In this article we assessed the prevalence of benzodiazepine (BZD) use in women before and during imprisonment, as well as its related factors and association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical study of regional scope. Two female prisons in the Brazilian Prison System were included. Seventy-four women participated by completing questionnaires about their sociodemographic data, BZD use and use of other substances.

Effects of neonatal dopaminergic lesion on oral cocaine self-administration in rats: Higher female vulnerability to cocaine consumption.

The dopaminergic system is associated with cocaine-seeking behaviors, being influenced by other neurotransmitters such as GABA and deregulated by chronic cocaine self-administration. Administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to neonatal rats produces a depletion of brain dopamine, mainly, that results in behavioral alterations in adulthood. This model can be applied to better understanding of the role of the dopaminergic system in cocaine use and how its behavioral effects can modulate drug intake.

A clinical trial on a brief motivational intervention in reducing alcohol consumption under a telehealth supportive counseling.

It is known that among those seeking to cease consumption of alcohol, there can be as high as a 50% relapse rate in the first 12 months. Different tools for treatments have been developed, such as telehealth, with the aim of helping this population. As a result of this demand, technology has gained strength in recent years.

The Role of HPA Axis and Allopregnanolone on the Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorders and PTSD.

Under stressful conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis acts to promote transitory physiological adaptations that are often resolved after the stressful stimulus is no longer present. In addition to corticosteroids (e.g.

The impact of chronic exposure to air pollution over oxidative stress parameters and brain histology.

Air pollution (AP) triggers neuroinflammation and lipoperoxidation involved in physiopathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aims to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to ambient AP in oxidative stress (OS) parameters and number of neurons and microglial cells of the cortex and striatum. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were distributed in four groups of exposure: control group (FA), exposed throughout life to filtered air; group PA-FA, pre-natal exposed to polluted air until weaning and then to filtered air; group FA-PA, pre-natal exposed to filtered air until weaning and then to polluted air; and group PA, exposed throughout life to polluted air.

Neurosteroids and Neurotrophic Factors: What Is Their Promise as Biomarkers for Major Depression and PTSD?

Even though major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are among the most prevalent and incapacitating mental illnesses in the world, their diagnosis still relies solely on the characterization of subjective symptoms (many of which are shared by multiple disorders) self-reported by patients. Thus, the need for objective measures that aid in the detection of and differentiation between psychiatric disorders becomes urgent. In this paper, we explore the potential of neurosteroids and neurotrophic proteins as biomarkers for MDD and PTSD.

Elevated GABA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and lower estrogen levels abolish cocaine sensitization behavior in ovariectomized female rats.

Animal models show that cocaine sensitization, a behavioral marker of addiction, is more significant in intact gonadal female than male rats and ovariectomy suppress this behavior in female rats. However, few studies explore changes in neurotransmission related to this phenomenon. Here we investigated the in vivo changes on GABA, glutamate, and taurine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of gonadal intact or ovariectomized female rats after a cocaine challenge administration.

The effects of caffeine on alcohol oral self-administration behavior in rats.

Caffeine and alcohol are some of the most commonly used psychoactive substances in the world, and are often used concomitantly. However, little is known about the effect of caffeine on alcohol consumption. Here, our aim was to investigate the co-exposure of alcohol mixed with caffeine in self-administration.

The role of allopregnanolone in depressive-like behaviors: Focus on neurotrophic proteins.

Allopregnanolone (3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone; pharmaceutical formulation: brexanolone) is a neurosteroid that has recently been approved for the treatment of postpartum depression, promising to fill part of a long-lasting gap in the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for depressive disorders. In this review, we explore the experimental research that characterized the antidepressant-like effects of allopregnanolone, with a particular focus on the neurotrophic adaptations induced by this neurosteroid in preclinical studies. We demonstrate that there is a consistent decrease in allopregnanolone levels in limbic brain areas in rodents submitted to stress-induced models of depression, such as social isolation and chronic unpredictable stress.

Combined use of alcohol and cigarette increases locomotion and glutamate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid without changes on GABA or NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats.

Interactions on neurotransmitter systems in the reward pathways may explain the high frequency of combined use of alcohol and cigarettes in humans. In this study, we evaluated some behavioral and neurochemical changes promoted by chronic exposure to alcohol and cigarette smoke in rats. Adult rats were administered with 2 g/kg alcohol (v.

Role of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Substance Use Cessation: Results from a Brazilian Prospective Study.

Background: This study aims to identify the association between parenting styles and behavioral changes among adolescents regarding the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine/crack.

Methods: A group of ninety-nine adolescents (39 girls and 60 boys), aged 14 to 19 years (17.05 ± 1.

Correction to: Symptoms Suggestive of Dysphagia and the Quality of Life in Cocaine and/or Crack Users.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The spelling of the Sheila Taminini de Almeida name was incorrect.

Correlations between subunits of GABA and NMDA receptors after chronic alcohol treatment or withdrawal, and the effect of taurine in the hippocampus of rats.

Chronic use of alcohol and its withdrawal impairs the delicate balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. This imbalance includes changes in GABA receptors - importantly in GABA subtypes - and glutamate receptors, especially in NMDA subtypes. A better comprehension of the different roles of GABAR and NMDAR subunits could be helpful to define new strategies to counteract the deleterious effects observed during alcohol withdrawal.

Symptoms Suggestive of Dysphagia and the Quality of Life in Cocaine and/or Crack Users.

Users of cocaine and/or crack may present symptoms of dysphagia due to changes in anatomical structures caused by the use of these substances. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of symptoms suggestive of dysphagia in users of cocaine and/or crack seeking treatment, as well as to investigate the quality of life of these individuals related to their swallowing condition. A cross-sectional study from September 2015 to December 2016, with 121 users of cocaine and/or crack, was conducted.

Hemisphere-dependent Changes in mRNA Expression of GABA Receptor Subunits and BDNF after Intra-prefrontal Cortex Allopregnanolone Infusion in Rats.

Allopregnanolone is a neurosteroid implicated in mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. It acts as a GABA receptor (GABAR)-positive allosteric modulator and changes the expression of GABAR subunits and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different brain regions. It has been demonstrated that such neurochemical changes may have an asymmetrical pattern regarding brain hemispheres.

The effect of intracerebroventricular allopregnanolone on depressive-like behaviors of rats selectively bred for high and low immobility in the forced swim test.

Depression is a highly incapacitating disorder known to have a multifactorial etiology, including a hereditary genetic background. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA receptor and has been shown to have an antidepressant-like effect in animals. This study aimed to assess the behavioral effect of ALLO in animals with different backgrounds of depressive-like activity.

Taurine restores the exploratory behavior following alcohol withdrawal and decreases BDNF mRNA expression in the frontal cortex of chronic alcohol-treated rats.

Alcohol use disorder is an alarming health problem, and the withdrawal symptoms increase the risk of relapse. We have hypothesized that taurine, a multitarget substance acting as a gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAR) positive modulator and a partial inhibitor of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, may reduce the withdrawal symptoms or modify behaviors when combined with alcohol. Therefore, we investigated the effects of taurine on behavior in the open field test (OFT), the GABAR α subunit and BDNF mRNA expression in the frontal cortex of rats after chronic alcohol treatment or upon withdrawal.

Assessment of factors related to smokers' adherence to a short-term support group for smoking cessation: a longitudinal study in a developing country.

Objective:: The aim of this study was to determine which individual characteristics of smokers are associated with their adherence to a support group for smoking cessation.

Methods:: Smokers from Porto Alegre, Brazil, were invited to participate in a support group for smoking cessation consisting of four weekly sessions. Demographic data, smoking history, presence of tobacco-related diseases, severity of nicotine dependence, stage of motivation, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated at baseline.

Six-Month Outcomes of a Randomized, Motivational Tele-intervention for Change in the Codependent Behavior of Family Members of Drug Users.

Families of substance abusers may develop maladaptive strategies, such as codependency, to address drug-related problems. It is important for families to receive specialist treatment in order to contribute to the recovery process. The Tele-intervention Model and Monitoring of Families of Drug Users (TMMFDU), based on motivational interviewing and stages of change, aims to encourage the family to change the codependents' behaviors.

Family functioning and health issues associated with codependency in families of drug users.

Unlabelled: Substance abuse affects both the user and the family system as a whole, yet substance abuse treatment is centered on the user, leaving the family in the background.

Objective: To identify the symptoms of codependency and health issues in the codependent family members of drug users who called a toll-free telephone counseling service. In total, 505 family members participated in this cross-sectional study.

GABAergic Modulation in Diabetic Encephalopathy-Related Depression.

Central nervous system is not spared from the deleterious effects of diabetes, since several studies have described neuropsychological and neurobehavioral changes in diabetic subjects, suggesting that diabetic encephalopathy should be recognized as a complication of this complex metabolic disorder. In fact, psychiatric manifestations may accompany this encephalopathy, since the prevalence of depression in diabetic patients is much higher than in the general population. Furthermore, evidences from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that GABA plays a role both in the pathophysiology of the diabetic encephalopathy-related depression.