Pulmonary arterial pressure and nasal obstruction in mouth-breathing children: Similarities between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis.

Background: Upper airway obstruction may cause pulmonary hypertension in childhood. In this study we aimed to identify a possible correlation of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP), using Doppler echocardiography, with nasal patency (NP), as measured by rhinomanometry, in mouth-breathing (MB) children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated 183 patients, from 2 to 12 years of age, at an MB referral clinic in Brazil, from December 2013 to 2017.

Evolution of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, nasal flow and systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery in children with indication for adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy over 18 months.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood has aroused great interest due to its cardiovascular repercussions and its adverse effects on the quality of life of the affected individuals. However, fundamental aspects of the syndrome remain unknown.

Objective: Herein we prospectively assessed pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and nasal flow in children with obstructive oral breathing with an indication for adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and their relationship to the obstructive apnea and hypopnea index (OAHI).

Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?

Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children.

Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5-9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography.

Orofacial characteristics of functionally independent elders.

Purpose: to understand the main orofacial characteristics of functionally independent elderly individuals and to investigate their association with age, gender, socioeconomic level, and dental status.

Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample. Inclusion criteria: minimum age of 60 years, individual in good health conditions according to a pre-established protocol published by the health care service.

Rhinoplasty Complications and Reoperations: Systematic Review.

 This article is related to complications of rhinoplasty and its main causes of reoperations.  The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review of literature on complications in rhinoplasty.  The authors conducted a survey of articles related to key terms in the literature by using three important databases within 11 years, between January 2002 and January 2013.

Pulmonary hypertension evaluation by Doppler echocardiogram in children and adolescents with mouth breathing syndrome.

Introduction: Adenotonsillar hyperplasia (ATH) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are the most common causes of upper airway obstruction in children. Such diseases, by affecting the upper airways, can cause chronic alveolar hypoventilation, pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension, which in some cases, are irreversible.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in two groups of mouth-breathing (MB) 2-12 years old children with ATH and isolated allergic rhinitis, through Doppler echocardiography.

Setting of an endoscopic nasal reference point for surgical access to the anterior base through an anatomical study on cadavers.

Introduction: Diseases of paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and skull base can be treated by endonasal operations using a nasal rigid endoscope. When conducting this kind of surgery, anatomical references are critical for safety.

Objective: To measure the distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the skull base, according to socio-demographic characteristics, and to detail an anatomical reference point for paranasal sinus operations and for an access to the anterior skull base, comparing anatomical variations between right and left sides, gender, height, weight, age, and ethnicity in cadavers.

Power reflectance testing in newborns and infants.

Introduction: Auditory screening in newborns allows for detection of hearing problems early in life. However, middle ear diseases can make the diagnosis more difficult.

Objective: To evaluate the power reflectance test as an indicator of the middle ear disease and to compare it to tympanometry.

Chemical and cytological analysis of cerebral spinal fluid after intrathecal injection of hypodense fluorescein.

Introduction: Intrathecal fluorescein has been effective for topographic diagnosis of rhinoliquorrhea. Nonetheless, there are no reports on the study of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) after use of intrathecal fluorescein.

Objective: A prospective study attempting to evaluate CSF through chemical and cytological analysis, after injection of fluorescein.

Classification of rhinoplasties performed in an otorhinolaryngology referral center in Brazil.

Introduction: Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery involves the use of surgical procedures to achieve esthetic and functional improvement. It can be used for traumatic, congenital, or developmental injuries. Medicine, with an emphasis on facial plastic surgery, has made progress in several areas, including rhinoplasty, providing good long-term results and higher patient satisfaction.

Dental arch dimensional changes after adenotonsillectomy in prepubertal children.

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to investigate the dental arch changes after adenotonsillectomies in prepubertal children and to compare the dental arch dimensions of mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing children.

Methods: The sample included 49 prepubertal severely obstructed mouth-breathing children and 46 prepubertal nasal-breathing children. Twenty-four of the 49 mouth-breathing children had an adenotonsillectomy and composed the adenotonsillectomy subgroup.

Mouth breathing evaluation: use of Glatzel mirror and peak nasal inspiratory flow.

Purpose: To compare the use of the Glatzel mirror and peak nasal inspiratory flow in the evaluation of mouth-breathing participants and to analyze the correlation between these instruments.

Methods: Sixty-four children were evaluated--32 mouth breathers and 32 nasal breathers; the children were aged 4 to 12 years. The mouth breathers were subdivided according to the cause of obstruction by a multidisciplinary team.

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups.

Objective: To test the validity of four different types of lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR) measurements as a diagnostic test of adenoid hypertrophy in different age groups of mouth-breathing children.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-six mouth-breathing children (male 54.65%, mean age 7.

Comparative study between primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and late traumatic fistula.

Objective: To compare primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula (PSF) and late traumatic fistula (LTF).

Study Design: Historical cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Cytokine profile in subjects with Cystic Fibrosis and nasal polyposis compared to patients with no nasal disorders.

Unlabelled: Although the cytokine profile in nasal polyposis is well documented, little is known about cytokines associated to cystic fibrosis.

Aim: Assess the expression of cytokines IL not4, IL not5, IL not6, IL not8, GM not-CSF and IFN not-y, analyzed through RT-PCR, in the polyps of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out with 24 patients, 13 of whom had cystic fibrosis and nasal polyposis (Cystic Fibrosis Group) and 11 had normal otorhinolaryngological exams (Control Group).

Reproducibility of the three-dimensional endoscopic staging system for nasal polyposis.

Unlabelled: Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, characterized by multiple and bilateral nasal polyps. Different drugs have been used in its treatment. In order to study the results of different treatment modalities it is necessary to have some kind of staging.

Nasal endoscopic evaluation of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

Unlabelled: The main otorhinolaryngological manifestations of CF are chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, with different clinical presentations.

Aim: To characterize children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis through a questionnaire, an ENT clinical examination and nasal endoscopy.

Study Design: Cross-sectional clinical descriptive.

Cicatricial pemphygoid in the upper aerodigestive tract: report of two cases.

Cicatricial pemphygoid (mucous membrane cicatricial pemphygoid) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by subepithelial bubbles in mucous membranes and, occasionally on the skin. It may affect the mouth, the nose, pharynx, larynx, the eyes, esophagus, anus, genitals and skin; especially affecting patients between fifty and sixty years of life. Treatment includes systemic steroids and immunosuppressive agents.

RT-PCR cytokine study in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Unlabelled: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory reaction of the nasal mucosa, in consequence of an IgE mediated hypersensitive reaction to inhaling allergens, involving different mediators and cytokine cells.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transcriptions for IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 and IFN-gama, particularly important in the nasal allergy process, especially IL-4 and IL-5. For this study we decided to evaluate atopic patients who were free from allergic crises, with the purpose of knowing the cytokine expressions during this period.

Absence of nasal air flow and maxillary sinus development.

Unlabelled: Paranasal sinuses development mechanisms are not well known. Nasal air flow, according to one of the proposed theories, would be fundamental to the growth and healthy development of paranasal sinuses.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the maxillary sinus growth and health in the presence and absence of postnasal air flow through a unique model.

Effect of mitomycin C on the secretion of granulocyte macrophages colonies stimulating factor and interleukin-5 in eosinophilic nasal polyps stromal culture.

Unlabelled: The research involving tissue factors, such as granulocyte macrophage colonies stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 5 (IL-5), leads to the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of eosinophilia, which is essential for the pathogenesis on eosinophilic nasal polyps. Mitomycin C has been successfully used in otolaryngology.

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mitomycin C in secretion of GM-CSF and IL-5 on eosinophilic nasal polyps.