[Long-term side effects of immune checkpoint inhibition].

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has fundamentally changed the treatment landscape of solid tumors in recent years. Even in advanced stages or in tumors with historically poor prognosis, such as triple-negative breast cancer, progression-free survival, as well as overall survival of affected individuals, have considerably improved. As a result, the side effects and consequences of therapy, their detection, and treatment are becoming an increasingly important part of patient follow-up.

The phospholipase D inhibitor FIPI potently blocks EGF-induced calcium signaling in human breast cancer cells.

Background: Phosphotyrosine kinase (PTK)-mediated phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling plays a crucial role in the release of the universal second messenger calcium from intracellular stores, which is mandatory for several cellular processes, including cell migration. However, PLC-γ1 could also be activated in a PTK-independent manner by phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid (PA). Because both higher PLD expression levels and PLD activity have also been associated with breast cancer cell invasion and migration, we wondered whether there might be a link between PLD and PLC-γ1, which was investigated in this study.