Morphofunctional changes following adenotonsillectomy of obstructive sleep apnea children: a case series analysis.

Objective: To perform a case series analysis of the changes in the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), nasal inspiratory flow (NIF), upper airway volume, obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (OAHI), and the maxillomandibular three-dimensional (3D) morphology after adenotonsillectomy (T&A) of obstructive sleep apnea children (OSA).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective assessment of files from 1002 children screened between 2012 and 2020 in a hospital-based mouth-breather referral center. From this universe, 15 obstructive sleep apnea children (7 females; 8 males), ages 4.

Pulmonary arterial pressure and nasal obstruction in mouth-breathing children: Similarities between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis.

Background: Upper airway obstruction may cause pulmonary hypertension in childhood. In this study we aimed to identify a possible correlation of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP), using Doppler echocardiography, with nasal patency (NP), as measured by rhinomanometry, in mouth-breathing (MB) children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated 183 patients, from 2 to 12 years of age, at an MB referral clinic in Brazil, from December 2013 to 2017.

Impact of adenotonsilectomy on nasal airflow and pulmonary blood pressure in mouth breathing children.

Introduction: Adenotonsillar hyperplasia (ATH) causing upper airway obstruction (UAO) may increase pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). Early diagnosis and mouth breathing (MB) management may help in cases of high PASP. Total inspiratory nasal airflow (TINAF) obtained by active anterior rhinomanometry (AARM) is a means to quantify nasal patency.

Are computed tomography 3D measurements of the upper airways in mouth-breathing children in agreement with the ENT clinical diagnosis of obstruction?

Introduction: Imaging studies have hystorically been used to support the clinical otorhinolaryngological evaluation of the upper respiratory tract for the diagnosis of obstructive causes of oral breathing.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare 3D volumetric measurements of nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx of obstructed mouth-breathing children with measurements of non-obstructed mouth-breathing children.

Methods: This retrospective study included 25 mouth-breathing children aged 5-9 years evaluated by otorhinolaryngological clinical examination, flexible nasoendoscopy and full-head multi-slice computed tomography.

Orofacial characteristics of functionally independent elders.

Purpose: to understand the main orofacial characteristics of functionally independent elderly individuals and to investigate their association with age, gender, socioeconomic level, and dental status.

Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample. Inclusion criteria: minimum age of 60 years, individual in good health conditions according to a pre-established protocol published by the health care service.

Rhinoplasty Complications and Reoperations: Systematic Review.

 This article is related to complications of rhinoplasty and its main causes of reoperations.  The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review of literature on complications in rhinoplasty.  The authors conducted a survey of articles related to key terms in the literature by using three important databases within 11 years, between January 2002 and January 2013.

Pulmonary hypertension evaluation by Doppler echocardiogram in children and adolescents with mouth breathing syndrome.

Introduction: Adenotonsillar hyperplasia (ATH) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are the most common causes of upper airway obstruction in children. Such diseases, by affecting the upper airways, can cause chronic alveolar hypoventilation, pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension, which in some cases, are irreversible.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in two groups of mouth-breathing (MB) 2-12 years old children with ATH and isolated allergic rhinitis, through Doppler echocardiography.

Maxillary dentoskeletal changes 1-year after adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: To measure the maxillary dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes of severely obstructed mouth breathing (MB) young children who had their mode of breathing normalized after adenotonsillectomy (T&A), in comparison with a matched group of severely obstructed untreated MB children (CG).

Methods: Seventy patients who had an Ear, Nose, and Throat examination (ENT), including flexible nasal endoscopy, to confirm the severe obstruction of the upper airways and the indication of T&A composed the sample. Cephalograms and dental casts were available from the patient's orthodontic records.

Setting of an endoscopic nasal reference point for surgical access to the anterior base through an anatomical study on cadavers.

Introduction: Diseases of paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and skull base can be treated by endonasal operations using a nasal rigid endoscope. When conducting this kind of surgery, anatomical references are critical for safety.

Objective: To measure the distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the skull base, according to socio-demographic characteristics, and to detail an anatomical reference point for paranasal sinus operations and for an access to the anterior skull base, comparing anatomical variations between right and left sides, gender, height, weight, age, and ethnicity in cadavers.

Power reflectance testing in newborns and infants.

Introduction: Auditory screening in newborns allows for detection of hearing problems early in life. However, middle ear diseases can make the diagnosis more difficult.

Objective: To evaluate the power reflectance test as an indicator of the middle ear disease and to compare it to tympanometry.

Chemical and cytological analysis of cerebral spinal fluid after intrathecal injection of hypodense fluorescein.

Introduction: Intrathecal fluorescein has been effective for topographic diagnosis of rhinoliquorrhea. Nonetheless, there are no reports on the study of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) after use of intrathecal fluorescein.

Objective: A prospective study attempting to evaluate CSF through chemical and cytological analysis, after injection of fluorescein.

Are distinct etiologies of upper airway obstruction in mouth-breathing children associated with different cephalometric patterns?

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that mouth-breathing (MB) children by distinct obstructive tissues present a similar cephalometric pattern.

Methods: The sample included 226 prepubescent children (113 MB and 113 nasal breathing (NB) controls). An ENT clinical examination, including flexible nasal endoscopy, orthodontic clinical and cephalometric examinations, was performed on the MB population.

Classification of rhinoplasties performed in an otorhinolaryngology referral center in Brazil.

Introduction: Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery involves the use of surgical procedures to achieve esthetic and functional improvement. It can be used for traumatic, congenital, or developmental injuries. Medicine, with an emphasis on facial plastic surgery, has made progress in several areas, including rhinoplasty, providing good long-term results and higher patient satisfaction.

Facial soft tissues of mouth-breathing children: do expectations meet reality?

Objective: To quantify the differences between the facial soft tissue morphology of severely obstructed mouth breathing (MB) and that of predominantly nasal breathing (NB) children.

Methods: Soft tissue measurements were performed in the lateral cephalograms of 64 severely obstructed MB children (mean age 6.7 ± 1.

Dental arch dimensional changes after adenotonsillectomy in prepubertal children.

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to investigate the dental arch changes after adenotonsillectomies in prepubertal children and to compare the dental arch dimensions of mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing children.

Methods: The sample included 49 prepubertal severely obstructed mouth-breathing children and 46 prepubertal nasal-breathing children. Twenty-four of the 49 mouth-breathing children had an adenotonsillectomy and composed the adenotonsillectomy subgroup.

Mouth breathing evaluation: use of Glatzel mirror and peak nasal inspiratory flow.

Purpose: To compare the use of the Glatzel mirror and peak nasal inspiratory flow in the evaluation of mouth-breathing participants and to analyze the correlation between these instruments.

Methods: Sixty-four children were evaluated--32 mouth breathers and 32 nasal breathers; the children were aged 4 to 12 years. The mouth breathers were subdivided according to the cause of obstruction by a multidisciplinary team.

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups.

Objective: To test the validity of four different types of lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR) measurements as a diagnostic test of adenoid hypertrophy in different age groups of mouth-breathing children.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-six mouth-breathing children (male 54.65%, mean age 7.

Mouth breathing children and cephalometric pattern: does the stage of dental development matter?

Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cephalometric pattern between mouth breathing children with primary dentition and mixed dentition.

Methods: Cephalometric measurements of 126 mouth breathing children (MB) were compared to 126 nasal breathing controls (NB). Both groups were divided into deciduous dentition (mean age 4 years, 8 months) and mixed dentition (mean age 7 years, 9 months) groups.

Comparative study between primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and late traumatic fistula.

Objective: To compare primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula (PSF) and late traumatic fistula (LTF).

Study Design: Historical cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Low prevalence of middle ear disease in cystic fibrosis patients.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of middle ear alterations in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.

Methods: In this descriptive study, 120 CF patients aged 5 months to 18 years were assessed by clinical history, otoscopy, and tympanometry. Data on P.

Changes in vertical dentofacial morphology after adeno-/tonsillectomy during deciduous and mixed dentitions mouth breathing children--1 year follow-up study.

Objective: The aim of this 1 year follow-up study was to investigate, in mouth breathing children, the impact of respiration normalization on vertical dentofacial growth during two stages of dental development after adeno-/tonsillectomy.

Method: Linear and angular cephalometric measurements, as well as tracing superimposition of serial lateral cephalograms of 39 patients in the treatment group were compared with those of 31 untreated mouth breathing controls. Cephalometric records in the treatment group comprised registrations made at baseline before surgery (T(0)), and then at approximately 1 year post-operatively (T(1)).

Cytokine profile in subjects with Cystic Fibrosis and nasal polyposis compared to patients with no nasal disorders.

Unlabelled: Although the cytokine profile in nasal polyposis is well documented, little is known about cytokines associated to cystic fibrosis.

Aim: Assess the expression of cytokines IL not4, IL not5, IL not6, IL not8, GM not-CSF and IFN not-y, analyzed through RT-PCR, in the polyps of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out with 24 patients, 13 of whom had cystic fibrosis and nasal polyposis (Cystic Fibrosis Group) and 11 had normal otorhinolaryngological exams (Control Group).

Reproducibility of the three-dimensional endoscopic staging system for nasal polyposis.

Unlabelled: Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, characterized by multiple and bilateral nasal polyps. Different drugs have been used in its treatment. In order to study the results of different treatment modalities it is necessary to have some kind of staging.