Bixin attenuates mechanical allodynia, anxious and depressive-like behaviors associated with experimental diabetes counteracting oxidative stress and glycated hemoglobin.

Neuropathic pain, depression, and anxiety are common comorbidities in diabetic patients, whose pathophysiology involves hyperglycemia-induced increased oxidative stress. Bixin (BIX), an apocarotenoid extracted from the seeds of Bixa orellana, has been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes and has been recognized by its antioxidant profile. We aimed to investigate the effect of the BIX over the mechanical allodynia, depressive, and anxious-like behaviors associated with experimental diabetes, along with its involved mechanisms.

Evaluation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes toxicity in two fish species.

Carbon Nanotubes are among the most promising materials for the technology industry. Their unique physical and chemical proprieties may reduce the production costs and improve the efficiency of a large range of products. However, the same characteristics that have made nanomaterials interesting for industry may be responsible for inducing toxic effects on the aquatic organisms.

Water quality assessment of the Tubarão River through chemical analysis and biomarkers in the Neotropical fish Geophagus brasiliensis.

The Tubarão River rises in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and has been historically affected by coal mining activities around its springhead. To evaluate its water conditions, an investigation regarding a possible decontamination gradient associated with the increased river flow toward the estuary, as well as the influence of seasonality over this gradient was performed through a series of biomarkers (vitellogenin, comet assay, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, gluthatione, gluthatione S-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, light microscopy in liver, and scanning electron microscopy in gills) and chemical analysis (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bile and metal analysis in sediment) in the cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis. Two collections (summer and winter) were made in four distinct sites along the river, while sediments were sampled between those seasons.

Enzymatic inhibition and morphological changes in Hoplias malabaricus from dietary exposure to lead(II) or methylmercury.

Neotropical fish traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) were used to investigate the effects of dietary doses of metals through individual exposures to either inorganic lead(II) or methylmercury, respectively, 21 microg Pb2+g(-1) w.w. and 75 ng H(3)C-Hg+g(-1) w.

Subchronic toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) and inorganic lead (PbII) in rats.

This study evaluated the toxic effects of two doses of inorganic lead (PbII) and tributyltin (TBT), separately and together in different exposure times (30 and 60 days) in rats. After exposure, liver, kidney, brain and blood were sampled for histopathological, hematological and enzymatic analysis. The number of peritoneal cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophil migration after exposure was also analyzed.

Pre and postnatal exposure to endosulfan in Wistar rats.

The possible reproductive adverse effects of the pesticide endosulfan on male offspring rats exposed in utero and during lactation were investigated. Dams were treated orally with 0, 0.5 or 1.