Correlation between body balance exams and schoolchildren reading assessments.

Objectives: This study aimed to correlate the results in the body balance exams with the reading assessments of 27 students, 16 girls and 11 boys, students of the third year of public elementary school, whose average age was 8.21 years.

Methods: Children with auditory, visual, language and nonverbal intelligence deficits were discarded.

The contrast between alveolar and velar stops with typical speech data: acoustic and articulatory analyses.

Purpose: This study used acoustic and articulatory analyses to characterize the contrast between alveolar and velar stops with typical speech data, comparing the parameters (acoustic and articulatory) of adults and children with typical speech development.

Methods: The sample consisted of 20 adults and 15 children with typical speech development. The analyzed corpus was organized through five repetitions of each target-word (/'kap ə/, /'tapə/, /'galo/ e /'daɾə/).

Correlations between vocabulary and phonological acquisition: number of words produced versus acquired consonants.

Purpose: To verify the probable correlations between the number of word types and the number of consonants in the general phonological system in children with typical language development.

Methods: Study participants were 186 children aged one year and six months to five years, 11 months and 29 days who were monolingual Brazilian Portuguese speakers with typical language development. Data collection involved speech, language and hearing assessments and spontaneous speech recordings.

The use of conjunctions by children with typical language development.

Purpose: To investigate the use of conjunctions in the spontaneous speech of three years old children with typical language development, who live in Santa Maria - RS.

Methods: 45 children, aged 3:0;0 - 3:11;29 (years:months;days) from the database of the Center for the Study of Language and Speech (CELF) participated of this study. The spontaneous speech of each child was transcribed and followed by analysis of the samples to identify the types of conjunctions for each age group.

Ultrasound applicability in Speech Language Pathology and Audiology.

Purpose: To present recent studies that used the ultrasound in the fields of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, which evidence possibilities of the applicability of this technique in different subareas.

Research Strategy: A bibliographic research was carried out in the PubMed database, using the keywords "ultrasonic," "speech," "phonetics," "Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences," "voice," "deglutition," and "myofunctional therapy," comprising some areas of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Sciences. The keywords "ultrasound," "ultrasonography," "swallow," "orofacial myofunctional therapy," and "orofacial myology" were also used in the search.

Early lexical and phonological acquisition and its relationships.

Purpose: Verifying likely relationships between lexical and phonological development of children aged between 1 year to 1 year, 11 months and 29 days, who were enrolled in public kindergarten schools of Santa Maria (RS).

Methods: The sample consisted of 18 children of both genders, with typical language development and aged between 1 year to 1 year, 11 months and 29 days, separated in three age subgroups. Visual recordings of spontaneous speech of each child were collected and then lexical analysis regarding the types of the said lexical items and phonological assessment were performed.

The interaction between awareness of one's own speech disorder with linguistics variables: distinctive features and severity of phonological disorder.

Purpose: To analyze the possible relationship among the awareness of one's own speech disorder and some aspects of the phonological system, as the number and the type of changed distinctive features, as well as the interaction among the severity of the disorder and the non-specification of distinctive features.

Methods: The analyzed group has 23 children with diagnosis of speech disorder, aged 5:0 to 7:7. The speech data were analyzed through the Distinctive Features Analysis and classified by the Percentage of Correct Consonants.

Phonological changes after the application of therapy approach based on distinctive features in the treatment of phonological disorder.

This study aimed to compare the phonological changes due to the application of a speech therapy approach based on distinctive features, using two types of target sounds (the ones which emphasize the contrast, and others which reinforce the distinctive features) in the treatment of phonological disorder. The sample was constituted by seven children with phonological disorder (four boys and three girls), with ages between 3 years and 10 months and 6 years and 9 months. The children were classified according to the severity of the phonological disorder and then underwent treatment based on the Modified Maximal Oppositions Model.

Occurrence of the repair strategy of stopping: relationship with phonological disorder severity and affected phonemes.

Purpose: To analyze the occurrence of the repair strategy of stopping in the different severities of phonological disorder, and to verify the phonemes most affected by this strategy.

Methods: Participants were 33 children, 14 female and 19 male, aged between 4 and 8 years. All children used the repair strategy of stopping for at least one phoneme or allophone, with percentage equal to or greater than 40%.

Function of the medial olivocochlear system in children with phonological disorders.

Purpose: To verify whether children with phonological disorders present alterations in the medial olivocochlear system.

Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study in which 19 normal hearing children of both genders, with ages between 4 and 7 years, were divided into two groups: 11 children without phonological disorders (control group) and eight with phonological disorders (study group). The auditory condition was verified by visual examination of the external ear canal, pure tone audiometry, and tympanometry.

The development of articulatory awareness and the relationship between perception and production of the articulatory gesture.

Purpose: To investigate the articulatory awareness of children with normal phonological development according to the variables gender, age and schooling, as well as to analyze their performances in speech perception and production tasks.

Methods: Participants were 90 Preschool and Elementary School students, with ages between 5 and 7 years, who were evaluated using the Articulatory Awareness Investigation Instrument (AAII). The test is subdivided into three articulatory gesture perception tasks (T1, T3 and T4) and two articulatory gesture production tasks (T2 and T5).

The treatment with rothics and generalization obtained in two models of phonological therapy.

This study had the aim to analyze both the phonological changes and the generalization obtained in the treatment with rothics in two models of phonological treatment. The sample consisted of four subjects diagnosed with phonological disorder, with ages between four and six years. All of them were assessed before and after the phonological therapy.

Extralinguistic variables, gender and age, in the self-awareness of speech impairment.

Background: Self-awareness of speech impairment according to the following extralinguistic variables: gender and age.

Aim: To examine the influence of gender and age on the self-awareness of speech impairment.

Method: Participants were 24 children with the diagnosis of phonological disorder, 15 boys and 9 girls, with ages ranging between 5:0 and 7:7 years.

Evaluation of auditory processing and phonemic discrimination in children with normal and disordered phonological development.

Unlabelled: Auditory processing and phonemic discrimination are essential for communication.

Type Of Study: Retrospective.

Aim: To evaluate auditory processing and phonemic discrimination in children with normal and disordered phonological development.

Auditory processing, acoustic reflex and phonological expression.

Unlabelled: It is thought that a close relationship exists between auditory processing, the acoustic reflex and speech.

Aim: A retrospective study to evaluate these three aspects in children with and without phonological disorders and seek any relationship among them.

Material Methods: 46 children were enrolled: 24 had normal speech abilities and 22 had phonological disorders.

Relapse observed in the treatment of phonological disorder.

Background: relapse in phonological performance.

Aim: to verify relapse in the phonological performance related to sound production in the treatment of phonological disorder.

Method: three subjects with phonological disorders, aged 6:0, 7:0, 7:0 years, were treated for phoneme /r/ using the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model.

Hearing discrimination abilities in children with phonological disorders.

Background: hearing discrimination abilities in children with phonological disorders.

Aim: to investigate the ability of hearing discrimination in children with Phonological Disorders who received or were receiving phonological treatment; to verify if the altered phonemes were the same as those which were not discriminated in the Picture Test for Hearing Discrimination (adapted for Portuguese language by Mota et al 2000, based on "The Boston University Speech Sound Discrimination Picture Test") and to verify if the ability of hearing discrimination is related to gender, age and the phonological disorder severity level.

Method: 41 children, 16 females and 25 males, with ages ranging between 4 and 8.

Expressive vocabulary of children with normal and deviant phonological development.

Background: expressive vocabulary of children with normal and deviant phonological development.

Aim: to determine whether alterations presented by children with phonological disorders occur only at the phonological level or if there are any impacts on lexical acquisition; to compare the vocabulary performance of children with phonological disorders to reference values presented by the used test.

Method: participants of the study were 36 children of both genders, 14 with phonological disorders (Study group) and 22 with typical language development (Control Group).

Study and analysis of contralateral acoustic reflex in children with phonological disorder.

Unlabelled: Much has been studied on the role of the acoustic reflex in the communication process.

Aim: To examine the responses of the contralateral acoustic reflex in children with normal hearing and phonological disorders. To investigate the relationship of the level of severity of phonological disorder.

Vocalic lengthening and medial coda omission in phonological disorders.

Background: phonological disorders.

Aim: to verify the occurrence of vocalic lengthening, through acoustic analysis, in a group of 16 children (8 boys and 8 girls) with evolutive phonological disorders (EPD), who did not present in their speech /R/ and /S/ medial codas; to verify the occurrence percentage of lengthening and omission strategies in the two types of coda.

Method: recordings of 16 children obtained through the presentation of a picture album representing the 18 pairs of words that contrast the syllabic structures (C)VC and CV.

Therapeutic efficacy analysis of three contrastive approach phonological models.

Background: Phonological therapy in subjects with phonological disorders.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of three contrastive approach models in three different severities of phonological disorder.

Method: Participants of the study were nine subjects with phonological disorders, with ages ranging between 4:2 and 6:6 years.

Intelligibility of phonological disorder assessed by three groups of judges.

Background: intelligibility of phonological disorder.

Aim: to compare the intelligibility of phonological disorder analyzed by three distinct groups of judges.

Method: the research consisted of two samples: one sample was composed by 30 individuals with phonological disorder (assessed individuals) and the other sample was composed by the judges (speech-language therapists, laypeople and mothers).

Phonological awareness abilities of individuals after speech therapy.

Background: phonological awareness abilities of children with a history of speech-language disorders.

Aim: to compare the phonological awareness abilities of individuals who recovered from phonological disorders after having gone through speech-language treatment with that of individuals with typical phonological development.

Method: participants of this study were eighteen individuals, nine in the experimental group and nine in the control group.

[Working memory, phonological awareness and spelling hypothesis].

Background: Working memory, phonological awareness and spelling hypothesis.

Aim: To verify the relationship between working memory, phonological awareness and spelling hypothesis in pre-school children and first graders.

Method: Participants of this study were 90 students, belonging to state schools, who presented typical linguistic development.