Regulation of autophagy as a therapy for immunosenescence-driven cancer and neurodegenerative diseases: The role of exercise.

Aging is one of the risk factors for the development of low-grade inflammation morbidities, such as several types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, due to changes in the metabolism, hormonal secretion, and immunosenescence. The senescence of the immune system leads to improper control of infections and tissue damage increasing age-related diseases. One of the mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis is autophagy, a cell-survival mechanism, and it has been proposed as one of the most powerful antiaging therapies.

Inflammatory features of obesity and smoke exposure and the immunologic effects of exercise.

Many lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary diseases, are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which has been shown to contribute to the disease initiation and progression, and also for co-morbidities of these diseases. While the source of inflammation in obese subjects is suggested to be mainly the visceral adipose tissue, smoke-induced inflammation originates in the pulmonary system. Here, chronic cigarette smoking induces oxidative stress, resulting in severe cellular damage.

Exercise rescues the immune response fine-tuned impaired by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ deletion in macrophages.

Background: Exercise is a powerful tool for prevention and treatment of many conditions related to the cardiovascular system and also chronic low-grade inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) exerts an import role on the regulation of metabolic profile and subsequent inflammatory response, especially in macrophages.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of 8-week moderate-exercise training on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice with PPARγ deficiency in myeloid cells.

Carbohydrate use and reduction in number of balance beam falls: implications for mental and physical fatigue.

Background: Artistic Gymnastics is a sport where athletes are frequently fatigued. One element that might influence this aspect is carbohydrate, an important energy substrate for the muscles and the CNS. Our goal was to investigate the influence of fatigue over artistic gymnastics athlete's performance and the effects of a carbohydrate supplementation on their performance.