Forecasting acute rainfall driven E. coli impacts in inland rivers based on sewer monitoring and field runoff.

Surface water quality is frequently impacted by acute rainfall driven pollutant sources such as sewer overflows. Understanding the risk of exposure from faecal pollution from short term impacts is challenging due to a paucity of high-resolution data from river systems. This paper proposes practical modelling approach for forecasting arrival time and durations of elevated E.

Airway Elastin is increased in severe asthma and relates to proximal wall area: histological and computed tomography findings from the U-BIOPRED severe asthma study.

Background: Airway remodelling, which may include goblet cell hyperplasia / hypertrophy, changes in epithelial integrity, accumulation of extracellular matrix components, smooth muscle hypertrophy and thickening of the lamina reticularis, is a feature of severe asthma and contributes to the clinical phenotype.

Objective: Within the U-BIOPRED severe asthma study, we have assessed histological elements of airway remodelling and their relationship to computed tomography (CT) measures of proximal airway dimensions.

Methods: Bronchial biopsies were collected from two severe asthma groups, one non-smoker (SAn, n = 28) and one current/ex-smoker (SAs/ex, n = 13), and a mild-moderate asthma group (MMA, n = 28) classified and treated according to GINA guidelines, plus a healthy control group (HC, n = 33).