-cage catalysis and initiation derived from photo-activating host-guest encapsulation.

Coordination cage catalysis has commonly relied on the endogenous binding of substrates, exploiting the cavity microenvironment and spatial constraints to engender increased reactivity or interesting selectivity. Nonetheless, there are issues with this approach, such as the frequent occurrence of product inhibition or the limited applicability to a wide range of substrates and reactions. Here we describe a strategy in which the cage acts as an exogenous catalyst, wherein reactants, intermediates and products remain unbound throughout the course of the catalytic cycle.

Food Provision at the Olympic Games in the New Millennium: A Meta-narrative Review.

Background And Objective: The objective of this meta-narrative review was to identify, organise and map the literature on food provision and nutrition support at the summer and winter Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG)  and similar major competition events over the past 21 years. This builds on a comprehensive update of a previous historical review of the evolution of food provision at the summer Olympic Games up until 2000 and considers contemporary issues such as the global pandemic and sustainability goals.

Methods: A range of sources included primary research and review articles, edited book chapters, theses, conference papers or abstracts, International Olympic Committee reports, Organising Committees' food vision and post-Games reports, independent professional reports, and media and periodicals including magazines and trade journals.

Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy.

Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, ) over the last five years.

Validation of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for athletes in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Sound general and sports nutrition knowledge in athletes is essential for making appropriate dietary choices. Assessment of nutrition knowledge enables evaluation and tailoring of nutrition education. However, few well-validated tools are available to assess nutrition knowledge in athletes.

Distribution of energy intake across the day and weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Consuming a greater proportion of total energy intake earlier in the day rather than in the evening is proposed to positively influence weight loss and health, potentially due to greater synchronization of human body circadian rhythms. This systematic review provides an update on existing evidence regarding earlier distributed eating patterns in weight loss interventions. Using a robust search strategy in five electronic databases, nine randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of energy intake distribution on weight loss were identified.

Intersection of Diet and Exercise with the Gut Microbiome and Circulating Metabolites in Male Bodybuilders: A Pilot Study.

Diet, exercise and the gut microbiome are all factors recognised to be significant contributors to cardiometabolic health. However, diet and exercise interventions to modify the gut microbiota to improve health are limited by poor understanding of the interactions between them. In this pilot study, we explored diet-exercise-microbiome dynamics in bodybuilders as they represent a distinctive group that typically employ well-defined dietary strategies and exercise regimes to alter their body composition.

Dietary Risk Factors for Incident and Recurrent Symptomatic Kidney Stones.

Objective: To compare dietary factors between incident symptomatic stone formers and controls, and among the incident stone formers, to determine whether dietary factors were predictive of symptomatic recurrence.

Patients And Methods: We prospectively recruited 411 local incident symptomatic kidney stone formers (medical record validated) and 384 controls who were seen at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota or Florida between January 1, 2009, and August 31, 2018. Dietary factors were based on a Viocare, Inc, food frequency questionnaire administered during a baseline in-person study visit.

Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool for Solid- and Solution-Phase Analysis of Metalloorganic Cage Host-Guest Complexes.

The host-guest chemistry of coordination cages continues to promote significant interest, not least because confinement effects can be exploited for a range of applications, such as drug delivery, sensing, and catalysis. Often a fundamental analysis of noncovalent encapsulation is required to provide the necessary insight into the design of better functional systems. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of various techniques to probe the host-guest chemistry of a novel PdL cage, which we show is preorganized to selectively bind dicyanoarene guests with high affinity through hydrogen-bonding and other weak interactions.

Effectiveness of nutrition interventions on improving diet quality and nutrition knowledge in military populations: a systematic review.

Context: Optimizing nutrition in military groups through improved diet quality and nutrition knowledge is key in supporting the high physical and cognitive demands.

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to systematically review the effectiveness of nutrition interventions among military personnel in improving diet quality and/or nutrition knowledge.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from the earliest records to May 2020.

The Relationship Between Habitual Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Cognitive Function in Young Adult Women.

Background: There is evidence that physical activity (PA), sitting time, and obesity may impact cognition, but few studies have examined this in young women.

Methods: Healthy women (18-35 y), without conditions that impair cognition, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Participants completed anthropometric and validated computerized cognitive assessments (IntegNeuro™).

Measuring the sports nutrition knowledge of elite Australian athletes using the Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaire.

Aims: To evaluate the nutrition knowledge of elite Australian athletes, and to obtain feedback from sports dietitians on the Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaires' (PEAKS-NQ) suitability.

Methods: Sports dietitians from the National Institute Network across Australia recruited athletes to complete the online, 50-item PEAKS-NQ which contained two sections (General Nutrition and Sports Nutrition). Sports dietitians provided feedback on the PEAKS-NQ using a 14-item questionnaire (with two open-ended items).

[CrNi] Heterometallic Coordination Cubes.

Three new heterometallic [CrNi] coordination cubes of formulae [CrNiL(HO)](NO) (), [CrNiL(MeCN)(HO)](ClO) (), and [CrNiLCl] () (where HL = 1-(4-pyridyl)butane-1,3-dione), were synthesised using the paramagnetic metalloligand [CrL] and the corresponding Ni salt. The magnetic skeleton of each capsule describes a face-centred cube in which the eight Cr and six Ni ions occupy the eight vertices and six faces of the structure, respectively. Direct current magnetic susceptibility measurements on () reveal weak ferromagnetic interactions between the Cr and Ni ions, with = + 0.

Diet Quality of Elite Australian Athletes Evaluated Using the Athlete Diet Index.

While athletes' nutrient intakes have been widely reported, few studies have assessed the diet quality of athletes. This is the first study to evaluate the diet quality of athletes using the purpose-built Athlete Diet Index (ADI). A convenience sample of 165 elite athletes from Australian sporting institutions completed the ADI online, with subsequent automated results provided to their respective accredited sports dietitians (ASDs).

The Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaire: a reliable and valid electronic sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for athletes.

Reliable and valid assessment of sports nutrition knowledge can inform athlete nutrition education to address knowledge gaps. This study aimed to test the reliability and validity of an electronically administered sports nutrition knowledge tool - Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaire (PEAKS-NQ). A 94-item PEAKS-NQ was piloted to 149 developmental athletes (DA) in New Zealand, with a subset invited to complete the PEAKS-NQ again to assess reliability.

Relative validity and reliability of a novel diet quality assessment tool for athletes: the Athlete Diet Index.

Diet quality indices are a practical, cost-effective method to evaluate dietary patterns, yet few have investigated diet quality in athletes. This study describes the relative validity and reliability of the recently developed Athlete Diet Index (ADI). Participants completed the electronic ADI on two occasions, 2 weeks apart, followed by a 4-d estimated food record (4-dFR).

Client experiences and confidence in nutrition advice delivered by registered exercise professionals.

Objectives: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the client experiences of registered exercise professionals (REP) in regard to nutrition advice, and to identify factors considered important when selecting a REP.

Design: A convenience sample of fitness facility-users were recruited. Participants completed a 46 item online questionnaire.

Kinetic selection of PdL metallocyclic and PdL trigonal prismatic assemblies.

The self-assembly of Pd4L2 metallocylcic and Pd6L3 trigonal prismatic assemblies are described. The selection of one species over the other has been achieved by careful choice of ancilliary ligands, which switch the dynamics of the Pd-pyridine bonds such that a highly unusual and distorted smaller assembly can be kinetically trapped en route to the more energetically favourable larger species. Both assemblies provide promise as easy to access multicavity reaction vessels.

The effectiveness of nutrition education programmes on improving dietary intake in athletes: a systematic review.

Nutrition education programmes for athletes aim to enhance nutrition knowledge and more importantly support positive dietary change to enhance performance, health and well-being. This systematic review assessed changes in the dietary intakes of athletes in response to nutrition education programmes. A search was conducted which included studies providing quantitative dietary intake assessment of athletes of any calibre aged between 12 and 65 years in response to a nutrition education programme.

Effect of Training Phase on Physical and Physiological Parameters of Male Powerlifters.

Longitudinal research on training and dietary practices of natural powerlifters is limited. This study investigated the effect of phases of training on physical and physiological parameters in male natural powerlifters. Nine participants completed testing at two time points: (i) preparatory phase (~3 months prior to a major competition) and (ii) competition phase (1-2 weeks from a major competition).

Association between Obesity and Omega-3 Status in Healthy Young Women.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are essential for healthy development and protect against metabolic disease. However, individuals with obesity may be pre-disposed to experiencing lower n-3 PUFA status than normal-weight individuals. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the omega-3 index (O3I), body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake in healthy young women (n = 300; age = 18-35 y), a group not previously focused on.

Identification of factors important to study quality in exercise performance studies.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors important to quality in exercise performance studies, specifically in the domains of aerobic, anaerobic and strength exercise. Factors related to diet and body composition were also targeted as these often influence or change with exercise.

Design: Cross-sectional study employing focus groups and a modified Delphi method.

Effectiveness of Active Learning that Combines Physical Activity and Math in Schoolchildren: A Systematic Review.

Background: Despite increased interest in combining learning and physical activity (PA), the academic and PA benefits of active learning are uncertain.

Methods: A systematic search of 5 databases for studies combining learning math with PA in primary/elementary schools was conducted. Academic benefit was evaluated by pre-post intervention math scores compared to a control group.

Development of an Electronic Questionnaire to Assess Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes.

Sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) is essential for athletes to support selection of a diet to optimize sports performance. Unfortunately, assessment of SNK is limited by a lack of well-validated instruments. Valid assessment of SNK would assist in identifying gaps in athlete knowledge, as well as tailoring and evaluating nutrition education interventions.

Observed Dietary Intake in Adults with Intellectual Disability Living in Group Homes.

Background: There is limited information on the dietary intakes of people with intellectual disability (ID) living in group homes.

Objective: To describe and evaluate dietary intake in people with ID.

Method: Dietary intake was assessed in a convenience sample of people with ID living in group homes.