Models, theoretical design and formal evaluation of integrated specialist community health service provision for the first 2000 days: a scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review identifies evidence for design, models and evaluation of integrated care service provision for families and children in the first 2000 days, in the context of community-based specialised health, education and welfare services.

Design: Scoping review following the Joanna Briggs scoping review method.

Data Sources: Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane and PsycINFO.

A new children's hospital with a larger floor space, single rooms, and V-shaped ward design: A pre-post evaluation of nurse time providing patient care and nurse, patient, and family experiences.

Background: The impact of hospital building design on patients, families and nurses related to nursing care interactions is not well understood. This study reports a pre-post intervention study to understand the effects of the move to a new children's hospital in Perth, Australia, on nurse workflow activities and on patient, family, and nurse experiences.

Methods: We used a pre-post explanatory sequential design involving observation of nurse work tasks; measurement of the Practice Environment Scale and Nurse Work Index; weekly surveys of nurse, patient and family experiences; and nurse focus groups and interviews with patients and families.

Identification of models, theoretical design and formal evaluation of integrated specialist community health service provision for the first 2000 days: a protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: The first 2000 days of a child's life (during pregnancy up to age 5 years) represent a critical period, in which early interventions reduce risk associated with developmental delay, disability and intergenerational disadvantage. The risk is exacerbated by barriers to specialised early intervention for children and families. This scoping review seeks to contribute to the evidence for sustaining integrated community-based specialist care in these earliest years of a child's life.

Pediatric and child health nursing: A three-phase research priority setting study in Western Australia.

Purpose: Priority settings are important to plan and direct future research. The aim of this study was to identify the top ten pediatric and child health nursing research priorities from the perspectives of consumers, community, and healthcare professionals in Western Australia.

Design And Methods: This study used an adapted James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership design with three phases.

Patient experience surveys for children's community health services: A scoping review.

Patient experience surveys have a user focus and measure the quality of person-centered health care for hospital inpatients and consumers of community health services, providing a governance process to evaluate the quality of care and to action improvement. Experience of care has been described as effective communication, respect and dignity, and emotional support. Measurement criteria for these domains are not standardized, leading to inconsistent reporting of patient experience.

Measuring 8 to 12 year old children's self-report of power imbalance in relation to bullying: development of the Scale of Perceived Power Imbalance.

Background: While power imbalance is now recognized as a key component of bullying, reliable and valid measurement instruments have yet to be developed. This research aimed to develop a self-report instrument that measures power imbalance as perceived by the victim of frequent aggressive behavior.

Methods: A mixed methods approach was used (468 participants, Grade 4 to 6).

Preadolescent children's perception of power imbalance in bullying: A thematic analysis.

Bullying in schools is associated with an extensive public health burden. Bullying is intentional and goal oriented aggressive behavior in which the perpetrator exploits an imbalance of power to repeatedly dominate the victim. To differentiate bullying from aggressive behavior, assessment must include a valid measure of power imbalance as perceived by the victim.

Intramuscular oxytocin versus oxytocin/ergometrine versus carbetocin for prevention of primary postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the IMox study).

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage remains a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Active management of the third stage of labour reduces the risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Oxytocin and oxytocin/ergometrine are commonly used in the UK, with oxytocin/ergometrine being more effective at preventing moderate, but not severe, blood loss.

Measuring Critical Care Providers' Attitudes About Controlled Donation After Circulatory Death.

Introduction: Unfavorable attitudes and insufficient knowledge about donation after cardiac death among critical care providers can have important consequences for the appropriate identification of potential donors, consistent implementation of donation after cardiac death policies, and relative strength of support for this type of donation. The lack of reliable and valid assessment measures has hampered research to capture providers' attitudes. Design and Research Aims: Using stakeholder engagement and an iterative process, we developed a questionnaire to measure attitudes of donation after cardiac death in critical care providers (n = 112) and examined its psychometric properties.

The Factors That Influence and Protect Against Power Imbalance in Covert Bullying Among Preadolescent Children at School: A Thematic Analysis.

In this article, the perceptions of preadolescent children (ages 9-11) regarding factors that influence and protect against power imbalance associated with covert aggression and bullying are explored. In aggression research, the term covert has been typically used to describe relational, indirect, and social acts of aggression that are hidden. These behaviors contrast with overt physical and verbal aggression.

The need and opportunity for donation after circulatory death worldwide.

Purpose Of Review: The global shortage of organ donors will not be resolved solely by relying on deceased donation following a brain death determination (DBD). Expansion of deceased donation after circulatory death (DCD) will be needed to address the shortfall of organs for transplantation. Approximately 120 000 organ transplants are performed each year; however, the WHO estimates that this number of transplants only resolves 10% of the annual worldwide transplant need.

Could low Safety Attitudes Questionnaire scores be indicative of an environment where it may be difficult to get new training practices established?

Introduction: Simulation-based, multiprofessional team training (SBMPTT) is used widely in healthcare, with evidence that it can improve clinical outcomes and be associated with a positive safety culture. Our aim was to explore the impact of introducing this type of training to a gynaecological team.

Methods: In this interrupted time-series study, 'Safety Attitudes Questionnaire' (SAQ) data was collected both before and after SBMPTT was introduced to a gynaecological team.

Management of obstetric postpartum hemorrhage: a national service evaluation of current practice in the UK.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to be one of the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in obstetrics. Variations in practice often lead to adverse maternity outcomes following PPH. Our objective was to assess the current practice in managing PPH in the UK.

Carbetocin versus oxytocin for prevention of post-partum haemorrhage at caesarean section in the United Kingdom: An economic impact analysis.

Objective: To determine the economic impact of the introduction of carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) at caesarean section, compared to oxytocin.

Study Design: The model is a decision tree conducted from a UK National Health Service perspective. 1500 caesarean sections (both elective and emergency) were modelled over a 12 month period.

A Scoping Review of Self-Report Measures of Aggression and Bullying for Use With Preadolescent Children.

Bullying in schools is a major health concern throughout the world, contributing to poor educational and mental health outcomes. School nurses are well placed to facilitate the implementation and evaluation of bullying prevention strategies. To evaluate the effect of such strategies, it is necessary to measure children's behavior over time.

Identifying Deteriorating Patients Through Multidisciplinary Team Training.

Multidisciplinary training has improved maternity outcomes when the training has been well attended, regular, in house, used high-fidelity simulators, and integrated teamwork training. If these principles were used in other settings, better clinical care may result. This before-after study sought to establish whether a short multidisciplinary training intervention can improve recognition of the deteriorating patient using an aggregated physiological parameter scoring system (Early Warning Score [EWS]).

Successful Recovery and Transplantation of 11 Organs Including Face, Bilateral Upper Extremities, and Thoracic and Abdominal Organs From a Single Deceased Organ Donor.

We report on the to date largest recovery of 11 organs from a single deceased donor with the transplantation of face, bilateral upper extremities, heart, 1 lung, liver (split for 2 recipients), kidneys, pancreas, and intestine. Although logistically challenging, this case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the recovery of multiple thoracic and abdominal organs with multiple vascular composite allotransplants and tissues. Our experience of 8 additional successful multiple vascular composite allotransplants, thoracic, and abdominal organ recoveries suggests that such procedures are readily accomplishable from the same deceased donor.

Comparison of two systemic antifungal agents, itraconazole and terbinafine, for the treatment of dermatophytosis in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus).

Background: Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton erinacei is a common scaling and crusting skin disease affecting European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) admitted to wildlife rescue centres. The application of topical therapy can be challenging because wild hedgehogs are subject to stress and often roll into a ball when handled. Systemic antifungal therapy is more convenient but has not been evaluated in this species.

Protocol for the design of an instrument to measure preadolescent children's self-report of covert aggression and bullying.

Introduction: Covert bullying in schools is associated with a range of academic, social, emotional and physical health problems. Much research has focused on bullying, but there remains a gap in understanding about covert aggression and how to most accurately and reliably measure children's own reports of this behaviour. This paper reviews relevant literature and outlines a research project that aims to develop a self-report instrument that effectively measures covert aggression and bullying.

Changing Patterns of Organ Donation: Brain Dead Donors Are Not Being Lost by Donation After Circulatory Death.

The clinical characteristics of all New England Organ Bank (NEOB) donors after circulatory death (DCD) donors were analyzed between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2014. During that 5-year period, there were 494 authorized medically suitable potential DCDs that the NEOB evaluated, constituting more than 30% of deceased donors coordinated annually by the NEOB. From the cohort of 494 authorized potential DCDs, 331 (67%) became actual DCD, 82 (17%) were attempted as a DCD but did not progress to donation, and 81 (16%) transitioned to an actual donor after brain death (DBD).

Occupational therapists' experiences of career progression following promotion.

Background/aim: The recruitment and retention of a skilled occupational therapy workforce is highlighted as a key issue for the profession, and yet there have been relatively few studies into the career progression of occupational therapists.

Methods: A qualitative, naturalistic approach was adopted to answer the research question, using semi-structured interviews to gather data. Eleven purposefully selected participants at an Australian health service were interviewed as part of this study.

Neurological and biological foundations of children's social and emotional development: an integrated literature review.

This article provides an integrated review of the expert literature on developmental processes that combine social, biological, and neurological pathways, and the mechanisms through which these pathways may influence school success and health. It begins with a historical overview of the current understanding of how attachment relationships and social environments influence brain development and plasticity and are, therefore, central to the physical and mental health of individuals and populations. It then expands on the effect of plasticity in relation to behavior and learning at school.

Multiprofessional team simulation training, based on an obstetric model, can improve teamwork in other areas of health care.

This interrupted time-series study evaluated the impact of multiprofessional scenario-based training on the safety culture and teamwork climate of 3 surgical wards during a time of reduced financial resources. The authors ran 22 team training sessions for teams of 4 to 5 medical and nursing staff over a 4-month period on 3 surgical wards, using 2 scenarios based on a previously successful obstetric training program. Safety culture was measured before and after training using a validated psychometric questionnaire.

Children's social/emotional characteristics at entry to school: implications for school nurses.

Children entering school need to build healthy peer relationships; school, however, is the central place for bullying. School nurses have a growing focus on providing care for students with social, emotional and behavioural problems. We examined the relational development of children at school entry in regard to aggression and empathy, showing that teacher-reported aggression decreased between Pre-primary and Year One, while empathy increased between Year One and Year Two classes.

Pulmonary hypertension: prevalence and mortality in the Armadale echocardiography cohort.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) lacks community prevalence and outcome data.

Objective: To characterise minimum 'indicative' prevalences and mortality data for all forms of PHT in a selected population with an elevated estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (ePASP) on echocardiography.

Design: Observational cohort study.