A Contingent Valuation Study for Use in Valuing Public Goods with Health Externalities: The Case of Street Pianos.

Background: Clinical healthcare is not the only way to improve an individual's health. Community-based interventions can have health and wellbeing impacts as well; however, the nature of these interventions, which have public good characteristics, poses challenges for the typical ways in which we value outcomes for use in (health) economic evaluations. The approaches to valuation of these type of interventions should allow for the incorporation of all types of values including option value, externalities and individual use-value.

Clinical and cost-effectiveness of pessary self-management versus clinic-based care for pelvic organ prolapse in women: the TOPSY RCT with process evaluation.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse is common, causes unpleasant symptoms and negatively affects women's quality of life. In the UK, most women with pelvic organ prolapse attend clinics for pessary care.

Objectives: To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of vaginal pessary self-management on prolapse-specific quality of life for women with prolapse compared with clinic-based care; and to assess intervention acceptability and contextual influences on effectiveness, adherence and fidelity.

From polarity to plurality: Perceptions of COVID-19 and policy measures in England and Scotland.

Aim: The aim of this study was to uncover perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic and the responses implemented by the UK and Scottish Governments to help control the spread of infection. Such understanding could help to inform future responses to pandemics at individual, community and national levels.

Method: Q methodology was used to elicit perspectives from people in England and Scotland with different experiences of the pandemic including public health officials, key workers, those on furlough, those who were unvaccinated or vaccinated to different levels, those who were 'shielding' because they were at higher risk and people with different scientific expertise.

Cost-Effectiveness of 2 Models of Pessary Care for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Findings From the TOPSY Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Pelvic organ prolapse is the descent of one or more reproductive organs from their normal position, causing associated negative symptoms. One conservative treatment option is pessary management. This study aimed to to investigate the cost-effectiveness of pessary self-management (SM) when compared with clinic-based care (CBC).

Strategies used for childhood chronic functional constipation: the SUCCESS evidence synthesis.

Background: Up to 30% of children have constipation at some stage in their life. Although often short-lived, in one-third of children it progresses to chronic functional constipation, potentially with overflow incontinence. Optimal management strategies remain unclear.

Clinical effectiveness of vaginal pessary self-management vs clinic-based care for pelvic organ prolapse (TOPSY): a randomised controlled superiority trial.

Background: Prolapse affects 30-40% of women. Those using a pessary for prolapse usually receive care as an outpatient. This trial determined effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pessary self-management (SM) vs clinic-based care (CBC) in relation to condition-specific quality of life (QoL).

Cost consequence analysis of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) for urinary incontinence in care home residents alongside a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent in more than half of residents of nursing and residential care homes and can have a detrimental impact on dignity and quality of life. Care homes predominantly use absorbent pads to contain UI rather than actively treat the condition. Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) is a non-invasive, safe, low-cost intervention with demonstrated effectiveness for reducing UI in adults.

Impact of surgical-site infection on health utility values: a meta-analysis.

Background: Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are recognized as negatively affecting patient quality of life. No meta-analysis of SSI utility values is available in the literature to inform estimates of this burden and investment decisions in prevention.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database was performed in April 2022 in accordance with PROSPERO registration CRD 42021262633.

Long-term effects and costs of pelvic floor muscle training for prolapse: trial follow-up record-linkage study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Pelvic organ prolapse affects around 40% of women aged over 50 years. A multicentre parallel group randomised trial (the Pelvic Organ Prolapse PhysiotherapY (POPPY) trial) demonstrated that pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) was effective in reducing prolapse symptoms compared with no treatment. However, insight into the long-term impact of PFMT on health outcomes and health-service utilisation is scarce.

What is important in supporting self-management in community stroke rehabilitation? A Q methodology study.

Purpose: Supported self-management (SSM) is an important part of adapting to life after stroke however it is a complex concept. It is unclear what SSM in stroke consists of or how stroke survivors, families, and clinicians can most effectively work together to support person-centred self-management. In this study, we aimed to explore what was most important in making SSM work in community stroke rehabilitation.

Stimulation of the tibial nerve-a randomised trial for urinary problems associated with Parkinson's-the STARTUP trial.

Background: non-motor symptoms such as bladder dysfunction are common (80%) in people with Parkinson's increasing the risk for falls with a negative impact on health-related costs and quality of life.We undertook STARTUP to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of using an adhesive electrode to stimulate the transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) to treat bladder dysfunction in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).Study design, materials and methods: STARTUP was a parallel two-arm, multi-centre, pragmatic, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Gait rehabilitation for foot and ankle impairments in early rheumatoid arthritis: a feasibility study of a new gait rehabilitation programme (GREAT Strides).

Background: Foot impairments in early rheumatoid arthritis are common and lead to progressive deterioration of lower limb function. A gait rehabilitation programme underpinned by psychological techniques to improve adherence, may preserve gait and lower limb function. This study evaluated the feasibility of a novel gait rehabilitation intervention (GREAT Strides) and a future trial.

Supported self-management in community stroke rehabilitation: what is it and how does it work? A protocol for a realist evaluation study.

Introduction: A growing evidence base demonstrates the effectiveness of supported self-management in stroke for stroke survivors and their families. However, there is significant variation in its implementation in community stroke care and little understanding about how supported self-management works and is delivered across different settings, models used and contexts of community stroke rehabilitation.

Methods And Analysis: Using a mixed method, realist approach across two phases, this protocol describes a study on community-based supported self-management.

Probabilistic microsimulation to examine the cost-effectiveness of hospital admission screening strategies for carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in the United Kingdom.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has been recognised as a global threat with carbapenemase- producing-Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) as a prime example. CPE has similarities to COVID-19 where asymptomatic patients may be colonised representing a source for onward transmission. There are limited treatment options for CPE infection leading to poor outcomes and increased costs.

Co(NCS)(abpt) and Ni(NCS)(abpt) [abpt is 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole]: structural characterization of polymorphs A and B.

The synthesis and structures of bis[4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-κN,N]bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II), [Co(NCS)(CHN)] or Co(NCS)(abpt), and bis[4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-κN,N]bis(thiocyanato-κN)nickel(II), [Ni(NCS)(CHN)] or Ni(NCS)(abpt), are reported. In both cases, two polymorphs, A and B, were identified and structurally characterized. For both polymorphs, the structures obtained with the different metals, i.

Selected solid-state behaviour of three di-tert-butyl-substituted N-salicylideneaniline derivatives: temperature-induced phase transitions and chromic behaviour.

The synthesis, single-crystal structures and chromic behaviour of three related Schiff bases, namely, (E)-2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(4-fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol, CHFNO, 1, (E)-2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(4-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol, CHClNO, 2, and (E)-6-{[(4-bromophenyl)imino]methyl}-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, CHBrNO, 3, are reported. Two polymorphs of 1 were obtained, which were found to have different photochromic properties. Schiff bases 2 and 3 were found to be isostructural and underwent a phase transition upon cooling which was attributed to the dynamic disorder in one of the tert-butyl groups resolving at low temperature.

Tibial nerve stimulation compared with sham to reduce incontinence in care home residents: ELECTRIC RCT.

Background: Urinary incontinence is prevalent in nursing and residential care homes, and has a profound impact on residents' dignity and quality of life. Treatment options are limited in these care contexts and care homes predominantly use absorbent pads to contain incontinence, rather than actively treat it. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation is a non-invasive, safe, low-cost intervention that is effective in reducing urinary incontinence in adults.

Public values and plurality in health priority setting: What to do when people disagree and why we should care about reasons as well as choices.

Context: 'What does 'The Public' think?' is a question often posed by researchers and policy makers, and public values are regularly invoked to justify policy decisions. Over time there has been a participatory turn in the social and health sciences, including health technology assessment and priority setting in health, towards citizen participation such that public policies reflect public values. It is one thing to agree that public values are important, however, and another to agree on how public values should be elicited, deliberated upon and integrated into decision-making.

Men's sheds as an alternative healthcare route? A qualitative study of the impact of Men's sheds on user's health improvement behaviours.

Background: Men's health is a globally underrepresented area of research and policy. With men facing numerous healthcare barriers, there are calls for more 'male friendly' approaches to health improvement that take into consideration differing male behaviours and attitudes towards health. Men's Sheds are community-based organisations delivering practical and social activities that encourage positive health behaviours.

Violence against children during COVID-19: Assessing and understanding change in use of helplines.

Background: Many of the measures taken by countries to contain the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in disruptions to child protection services. Despite this, many countries have worked to ensure that child helplines remain operational, making such mechanisms even more critical for reporting and referring cases of violence and for providing support to victims.

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to document what has occurred, and been reported, to child helplines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Men's Sheds in Scotland: the potential for improving the health of men.

Recent policy focus is on the 'non-obvious' role of community-based organisations in tackling causes of poor health, such as social exclusion. Men's Sheds are a type of community-based organisation offering health and wellbeing benefits to men, despite this not being the explicit reason they exist. A qualitative study was conducted in Scotland to identify sustainability challenges that impact on the ability of Sheds to become a formal healthcare service.