Early diagnosis of cancer using circulating microbial DNA.

The study by Chen et al. has advanced research by developing predictive models based on circulating microbial DNA, offering potential for early cancer detection and personalized treatment. However, further validation and simplification of techniques are needed for widespread clinical application.

Psychosocial needs of post-radiotherapy cancer survivors and their direct caregivers - a systematic review.

Radiotherapy is an important modality for cancer treatment. About 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy, and one-third of radiotherapy recipients were identified as having unmet psychosocial needs. The unmet psychosocial needs worsen the patient's quality of life and treatment effectiveness.

Proteomic Profiling of Chemotherapy Responses in FOLFOX-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Chemoresistance mechanisms of colorectal cancer remain largely elusive. We aim to compare the difference of chemotherapy responses between FOLFOX-resistant and wild-type colorectal cancer cells by proteomic profiling to suggest novel treatment targets. FOLFOX-resistant colorectal cancer cells DLD1-R and HCT116-R were developed by chronic exposure to progressive FOLFOX doses.

In Vivo Reversal of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Drug Resistance in a Breast Cancer Xenograft and in Leukemia Models Using a Novel, Potent, and Nontoxic Epicatechin EC31.

The modulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) can reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) and potentiate the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Tea polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have low P-gp-modulating activity, with an EC over 10 μM. In this study, we optimized a series of tea polyphenol derivatives and demonstrated that epicatechin was a potent and nontoxic P-gp inhibitor.

Suppression of small nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (SNHG8) inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies around the world with high mortality. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in CRC tumorigenesis by regulating different pathways of carcinogenesis. SNHG8 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 8), a lncRNA, is highly expressed in several cancers and acts as an oncogene that promotes cancer progression.

2D metal-organic frameworks for ultraflexible electrochemical transistors with high transconductance and fast response speeds.

Electrochemical transistors (ECTs) have shown broad applications in bioelectronics and neuromorphic devices due to their high transconductance, low working voltage, and versatile device design. To further improve the device performance, semiconductor materials with both high carrier mobilities and large capacitances in electrolytes are needed. Here, we demonstrate ECTs based on highly oriented two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs).

Autophagy in gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrointestinal cancers are a group of cancers occurred in gastrointestinal tissues with high morbidity and mortality rate. Although numerous studies were conducted on the investigation of gastrointestinal cancers, the real mechanisms haven't been discovered, and no effective methods of prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers have been developed. Autophagy, a vital catabolic process in organisms, have been proven to participate in various mechanisms and signaling pathways, thus producing a regulatory effect on various diseases.

Proteomic profiling of metabolic proteins as potential biomarkers of radioresponsiveness for colorectal cancer.

Surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and chemotherapy are commonly used treatment modalities for CRC management. The locally advanced CRC is managed with preoperative RT or in combination of chemoradiotherapy whereas palliative RT is recommended for metastatic CRC patients to enhance overall survival and reduce distressing symptoms. There are many biomarkers established based on tumour staging, grading and molecular characteristics of patients (e.

Advances in High Throughput Proteomics Profiling in Establishing Potential Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) remain the most diagnosed cancers and accounted for the highest cancer-related death globally. The prognosis and treatment outcomes of many GICs are poor because most of the cases are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages. This is primarily attributed to the deficiency of effective and reliable early diagnostic biomarkers.

Integrative Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Rats after Prednisone Treatment.

Prednisone (PRED) is a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) widely used in immune-mediated diseases for its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of GC are achieved by genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. However, the nongenomic effects are largely unknown.

Ultrasensitive Detection of Ribonucleic Acid Biomarkers Using Portable Sensing Platforms Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

The analysis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays an important role in the early diagnosis of diseases and will greatly benefit patients with a higher cure rate. However, the low abundance of RNA in physiological environments requires ultrahigh sensitivity of a detection technology. Here, we construct a portable and smart-phone-controlled biosensing platform based on disposable organic electrochemical transistors for ultrasensitive analysis of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers within 1 h.

Ultrafast, sensitive, and portable detection of COVID-19 IgG using flexible organic electrochemical transistors.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and its continued spread have seriously threatened public health. Antibody testing is essential for infection diagnosis, seroepidemiological analysis, and vaccine evaluation. However, convenient, fast, and accurate antibody detection remains a challenge in this protracted battle.

Computer-assisted ultrasound assessment of plaque characteristics in radiation-induced and non-radiation-induced carotid atherosclerosis.

Background: This study investigated the feasibility of using a computer-assisted method to evaluate and differentiate the carotid plaque characteristics in radiation-induced and non-radiation-induced carotid atherosclerosis.

Methods: This study included 107 post-radiotherapy (post-RT) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and 110 subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Each participant had a carotid ultrasound examination, and carotid plaques and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were evaluated with grey scale ultrasound.

JNK in Tumor Microenvironment: Present Findings and Challenges in Clinical Translation.

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). JNK is mainly activated under stressful conditions or by inflammatory cytokines and has multiple downstream targets for mediating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and immune responses. JNK has been demonstrated to have both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing roles in different cancers depending on the focused pathway in each study.

Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 (CASC9) Promotes Colorectal Cancer Carcinogenesis via mTOR-Dependent Autophagy and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Pathways.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Many recent studies have demonstrated that different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the initiation, advancement, and metastasis of many cancers including CRC. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) is an lncRNA that has been reported in many cancers, but its role in CRC is poorly understood.

TMT-based proteomic analysis reveals the effects of chloroquine on human podocytes.

Chloroquine (CQ) is an antimalarial drug widely used in rheumatic, immunological and infectious diseases. CQ is also a well-known autophagy inhibitor. It slows the progression of renal injury in patients with rheumatology diseases.

Compression Garment-induced Leg Changes Increase Hemodynamic Responses in Healthy Individuals.

This study evaluated the morphological changes of the lower limb and associated hemodynamic responses to different lower-body compression pressures (COMPs) in physically active, healthy individuals at rest. Each of the 32 participants underwent three trials with three different degrees of lower-body compression applied: "Low" (2.2±1.

Compositional alterations of gut microbiota in children with primary nephrotic syndrome after initial therapy.

Background: Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common glomerular disease in children. T cell dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PNS. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to immunological disorders.

Immune Complexes Impaired Glomerular Endothelial Cell Functions in Lupus Nephritis.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common and severe complications of lupus. However, the mechanisms for renal damage have not been well elucidated. There are evidences show that glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are damaged in LN.

Autophagy-Modulating Long Non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and Their Molecular Events in Cancer.

Cancer is a global threat of health. Cancer incidence and death is also increasing continuously because of poor understanding of diseases. Although, traditional treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) are effective against primary tumors, death rate is increasing because of metastasis development where traditional treatments have failed.