A population-level post-screening treatment cost framework to help inform vision screening choices for children under the age of seven.

Purpose/background: Visual acuity (VA) screening in children primarily detects low VA and amblyopia between 3 and 6 years of age. Photoscreening is a low-cost, lower-expertise alternative which can be carried out on younger children and looks instead for refractive amblyopia risk factors so that early glasses may prevent or mitigate the conditions. The long-term benefits and costs of providing many children with glasses in an attempt to avoid development of amblyopia for some of them needs clarification.

Availability of data for cost-effectiveness comparison of child vision and hearing screening programmes.

Objective: For cost-effectiveness comparison of child vision and hearing screening programmes, methods and data should be available. We assessed the current state of data collection and its availability in Europe.

Methods: The EUSCREEN Questionnaire, conducted in 2017-2018, assessed paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in 45 countries in Europe.

A Comprehensive Overview of Vision Screening Programmes across 46 Countries.

Purpose: To describe and compare vision screening programmes and identify variance in number and type of tests used, timing of screening, personnel involved, monitoring and funding to be used as data for optimising, disinvesting or implementing future screening programmes.

Methods: A questionnaire consisting of nine domains: demography & epidemiology, administration & general background, existing screening, coverage & attendance, tests, follow-up & diagnosis, treatment, cost & benefit and adverse effects was completed by Country Representatives (CRs) recruited from 47 countries.

Results: The questionnaire was sufficiently completed for 46 Countries: 42 European countries, China, India, Malawi and Rwanda.

Scope and costs of autorefraction and photoscreening for childhood amblyopia-a systematic narrative review in relation to the EUSCREEN project data.

Background: Amblyopia screening can target reduced visual acuity (VA), its refractive risk factors, or both. VA testing is imprecise under 4 years of age, so automated risk-factor photoscreening appears an attractive option. This review considers photoscreening used in community services, focusing on costs, cost-effectiveness and scope of use, compared with EUSCREEN project Country Reports describing how photo- and automated screening is used internationally.

Using VR to Investigate the Relationship between Visual Acuity and Severity of Simulated Oscillopsia.

Purpose: Oscillopsia is a debilitating symptom resulting from involuntary eye movement most commonly associated with acquired nystagmus. Investigating and documenting the effects of oscillopsia severity on visual acuity (VA) is challenging. This paper aims to further understanding of the effects of oscillopsia using a virtual reality simulation.

The Provision of Patient Information about Nystagmus.

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the current provision of patient information about nystagmus in orthoptic clinics in the UK and Ireland and to develop a standardised information pack about nystagmus.

Methods: A questionnaire was circulated to orthoptists in the UK and Ireland asking whether they had information to provide to patients with nystagmus, what was included in this information and how it could be improved. Orthoptists were also asked what should be included in a standardised information pack about nystagmus.

Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes.

Objective: To examine the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe.

Methods: Themes for comparison of screening programmes derived from literature were used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing, and public health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age, and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, and costs most.

Temporary incyclotorsion following surgical correction of bilateral superior oblique palsy.

We report three patients with acquired bilateral superior oblique paresis who had bilateral modified Harada-Ito procedures, which resulted in significant incyclotorsion (ranging from 6 degrees to 19 degrees ) on the first day postoperatively. For Case 1 this was the only procedure, while Cases 2 and 3 also underwent simultaneous bilateral inferior oblique weakening. This overcorrection decreased spontaneously over the following 8 months to leave all patients asymptomatic.