Hair today, gone tomorrow: How personal protective equipment guidance changed doctor's facial hair during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To investigate how personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance altered the facial hair of hospital doctors and explore the wider impact and implications of these changes.

Methods: A single site uncontrolled before-after survey study examining change in facial hairstyles, and wider implications on doctor's cultural, religious, and personal wellbeing. Outcome measures included change in facial hair between January and April 2020 and whether these changes adhered to guidance set by Public Health England.

'Cardiac-type' (mucinous) mucosa and carditis are both associated with Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis.

Background: Adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction is rapidly increasing in incidence and there is much interest in precursor lesions. The aetiology of inflammation of the gastric cardia (carditis) and the concept of the cardia as a native zone of mucinous gastric glands are disputed.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between the type of cardiac mucosa and carditis with various histological and clinical parameters.

Differences in proximal (cardia) versus distal (antral) gastric carcinogenesis via the retinoblastoma pathway.

Aim: Disruption of cell cycle regulation is a critical event in carcinogenesis, and alteration of the retinoblastoma (pRb) tumour suppressor pathway is frequent. The aim of this study was to compare alterations in this pathway in proximal and distal gastric carcinogenesis in an effort to explain the observed striking epidemiological differences.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate expression of p16 and pRb in the following groups of both proximal (cardia) and distal (antral) tissue samples: (a) biopsies showing normal mucosa, (b) biopsies showing intestinal metaplasia and, (c) gastric cancer resection specimens including uninvolved mucosa and tumour.