Ligamentum Teres Lesions Are Associated With Poorer Patient Outcomes in a Large Primary Hip Arthroscopy Cohort of 1,935 Patients.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ligamentum teres (LT) lesions identified in a single-surgeon hip arthroscopy cohort and to compare surgical outcomes of those with, and without, identified LT lesions.

Methods: Patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between 2005 and 2018 in one surgeon's clinic were identified. Those with a history involving extra-articular scoping or any previous surgery on the ipsilateral hip were excluded.

The morphology of the subacromial and related shoulder bursae. An anatomical and histological study.

Shoulder bursae are essential for normal movement and are also implicated in the pathogenesis of shoulder pain and dysfunction. The subacromial bursa (SAB), within the subacromial space, is considered a primary source of shoulder pain. Several other bursae related to the subcoracoid space, including the coracobrachial (CBB), subcoracoid (SCB) and subtendinous bursa of subscapularis (SSB), are also clinically relevant.

Neurovascular structures of the ligament of the head of femur.

The ligament of the head of femur (LHF), or ligamentum teres, is believed to provide blood supply to the head of femur and mechanical stability to the hip joint. But these functions in the adult are often debated. The existence and distribution of neurovascular structures within the ligament are not widely documented.

Clinical Anatomy of the Ligament of the Head of Femur.

The ligament of the head of femur (LHF) has gained clinical attention recently and is reported to contribute to hip stability. This study explores its morphology and morphometry, information that may help inform surgical decision making. Gross anatomical dissections were undertaken on 229 embalmed hips from European (n = 105) and Thai (n = 124) adult cadavers to examine LHF anatomy.

Role of activin C in normal ovaries and granulosa cell tumours of mice and humans.

Activins and inhibins play important roles in the development, growth and function of the ovary. Mice lacking inhibin develop granulosa cell tumours in their ovaries that secrete activin A, and these tumours are modulated by increased activin C expression. The aim of the present study was to identify where activin C is expressed in mouse and human ovaries and whether overexpression of activin C modulates normal follicular development in mice.

What do medical students learn from dissection?

Dissection has long been the accepted method for teaching anatomy to medical students. More recently, some educators have suggested that easier, cheaper, alternative methods are just as effective. But what do the students think? This paper aimed to identify what undergraduate medical students learn, how they cope, and what effects participating in dissection has on them as individuals.

Over-Expression of Activin-β Is Associated with Murine and Human Prostate Disease.

Activins are members of the TGF-β superfamily and have been linked to prostate cancer. There are four mammalian activin subunits (β, β, β, and β) that dimerize to form functional proteins. The role of activin-A (β-β) has been relatively well characterized and has been shown to generally inhibit growth in the prostate.

The morphology and morphometry of the fovea capitis femoris.

Background: There is little published information on the anatomy of the fovea capitis femoris (FCF), the distal attachment site of the ligament of the head of femur (LHF). This study investigates the morphology of the FCF on dry bones in an attempt to answer some of the debate around the functional significance of the LHF.

Methods: The morphological and morphometric details of the FCF were analysed on 125 dry isolated femora (n = 125) from the Anatomy Museum, University of Otago, New Zealand.

Clinical anatomy of the subacromial and related shoulder bursae: A review of the literature.

The subacromial bursa (SAB) is the main bursa of the shoulder. It facilitates normal movement and is also commonly involved in shoulder disorders. Other shoulder bursae have been described but their anatomy has not been well studied.

Activin A regulates microRNAs and gene expression in LNCaP cells.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is an increasing health issue worldwide. For patients with advanced castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) treatment options are limited and overall survival is relatively short. Paired with this, non-invasive diagnostic options are yet to be established.

Ligament of the head of femur: A comprehensive review of its anatomy, embryology, and potential function.

The functional significance of the ligament of the head of femur (LHF), or ligamentum teres has often been debated. Having gained recent attention in clinical practice, it is suggested to partly provide some mechanical stability to the hip joint. However, the anatomy of this ligament is not well studied.

Historical perspective-Anatomy down the ages in Australasia; lessons for the future.

Is anatomy a dying discipline? This article explores the history and current state of human anatomy in Australasia, and considers the changing nature of the discipline, and possibilities for the future. A web-based search of all tertiary institutions in Australasia was performed to identify which taught anatomy. Those identified were invited to provide further information about postgraduate student numbers, external courses and public outreach.

Epigenetic modifications of caveolae associated proteins in health and disease.

Caveolae are small, "omega-shaped" invaginations at the plasma membrane of the cell which are involved in a variety of processes including cholesterol transport, potocytosis and cell signalling. Within caveolae there are caveolae-associated proteins, and changes in expression of these molecules have been described to play a role in the pathophysiology of various diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that epigenetic processes may regulate the expression of these caveolae related genes, and hence contribute to disease progression.

Emerging role of polymerase-1 and transcript release factor (PTRF/ Cavin-1) in health and disease.

Polymerase-1 and release transcript factor (PTRF) was initially reported to be involved in the termination of the transcription process. More recently, it has been implicated in the formation of caveolae, cave-like structures in the plasma membrane. The effects of PTRF related to caveolae suggest that this protein may play important roles in health and disease.

A belief in the soul may contribute to the stress experienced in the dissecting room.

The aim of this research was to explore whether medical students believe in a soul and how this may affect their dissecting experience. Three questionnaires were delivered electronically to the 2011 cohort of second-year medical students over a 2-year period. At the University of Otago, students enter medicine via three categories: Health Sciences First Year (following 1 year of university); postgraduate (following a Bachelors or higher degree); and 'other' category entry (Allied Health Professional or 3 years after a Bachelors degree).

Medical students' understanding of the concept of a soul.

The concept of a soul has been discussed throughout religious, philosophical, and scientific circles, yet no definitive description exists. Recent interviews with medical students during the production of a documentary film identified that many believed in the concept of a soul. This study explores students' understanding of the concept of a soul.

A review of the anatomy of the hip abductor muscles, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata.

The hip abductor muscles have the capability to contribute to numerous actions, including pelvic stabilization during gait, and abduction and rotation at the hip joint. To fully understand the role of these muscles, as well as their involvement in hip joint dysfunction, knowledge of their anatomical structure is essential. The clinical literature suggests anatomical diversity within these muscles, and that gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus minimus (GMin), in particular, may be comprised of compartments.

Seasonal changes in morphology and steroid receptor expression in the prostate of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula): an animal model for the study of prostate growth?

The prostate of the brushtail possum undergoes growth and regression during the year. The present study investigated the morphological changes and expression of androgen and oestrogen receptors during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Prostate tissue was collected from adult possums at 2-monthly intervals.

Selective strength loss and decreased muscle activity in hamstring injury.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, controlled laboratory study.

Objectives: To determine whether thigh muscle isokinetic torque patterns and activity, measured by electromyography (EMG), of individuals with hamstring injury differ from control individuals.

Background: Neuromuscular control during thigh muscle strength assessment following hamstring injuries has not been reported.

Lateral hip pain: findings from magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To examine the radiological and physical therapy diagnoses of lateral hip pain (LHP), and determine the validity of selected clinical variables for predicting gluteal tendon pathology.

Background: LHP is frequently encountered by clinicians.

Morphology of the bursae associated with the greater trochanter of the femur.

Background: Abnormalities of the bursae in the vicinity of the greater trochanter have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lateral hip pain. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the detailed morphology of the bursae associated with the greater trochanter of the femur.

Methods: The bursae deep to the tendons of each of the gluteal muscles were examined in eighteen embalmed human hips with use of macrodissection and histological techniques.

Oxytocin and the human prostate in health and disease.

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced by the neurohypophysis. The discovery that the peptide is produced locally within the male and female reproductive tracts has raised the possibility that oxytocin may have paracrine and autocrine actions outside of the nervous system. Oxytocin and its receptor have been identified in the human prostate.