NHS national data opt-outs: trends and potential consequences for health data research.

Background: The English NHS data opt-out allows people to prevent use of their health data for purposes other than direct care. In 2021, the number of opt-outs increased in response to government-led proposals to create a centralised pseudonymised primary care record database.

Aim: To describe the potential impact of NHS national data opt-outs in 2021 on health data research.

Inequalities in the recovery of colorectal cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national population-based study.

Aim: Evidence is lacking on whether there were inequalities in the recovery of colorectal cancer (CRC) services within the English National Health Service (NHS) following the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate recovery according to patient age and socioeconomic status.

Method: Using routinely collected data, CRC patients diagnosed and treated in the English NHS were identified for two timeframes: the 'initial pandemic period' (April-June 2020) and the 'pandemic period' (April 2020-March 2022).

Improving risk models for patients having emergency bowel cancer surgery using linked electronic health records: a national cohort study.

Background: Life-saving emergency major resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a high-risk procedure. Accurate prediction of postoperative mortality for patients undergoing this procedure is essential for both healthcare performance monitoring and preoperative risk assessment. Risk-adjustment models for CRC patients often include patient and tumour characteristics, widely available in cancer registries and audits.

The Effect of High and Low Ambient Temperature on Infant Health: A Systematic Review.

Children, and particularly infants, have physiological, anatomic, and social factors that increase vulnerability to temperature extremes. We performed a systematic review to explore the association between acute adverse infant outcomes (children 0-1 years) and exposure to high and low ambient temperatures. MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Global Health were searched alongside the reference lists of key papers.

Linkage of multiple electronic health record datasets using a 'spine linkage' approach compared with all 'pairwise linkages'.

Background: Methods for linking records between two datasets are well established. However, guidance is needed for linking more than two datasets. Using all 'pairwise linkages'-linking each dataset to every other dataset-is the most inclusive, but resource-intensive, approach.

Outcomes of colorectal cancer resection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a national population-based analysis in England and Wales.

Aim: The aim was to compare early postoperative outcomes and 2-year cancer-specific mortality following colorectal cancer (CRC) resection in patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in England and Wales.

Method: Records for patients in the National Bowel Cancer Audit who had major CRC resection between April 2014 and December 2017 were linked to routinely collected hospital level administrative datasets and chemotherapy and radiotherapy datasets. Multivariable regression models were used to compare outcomes with adjustment for patient and tumour characteristics.

Advancing Workplace Diversity Through the Culturally Responsive Teamwork Framework.

Purpose Diversification of the profession is an important element of combating racism, bias, and prejudice in the speech-language pathology workforce at national and systemic levels. However, national and systemic change needs to be combined with equipping individual speech-language pathologists to adapt to the challenges that they face to engaging in culturally responsive practice. This paper presents four interacting levels of practice within the Culturally Responsive Teamwork Framework (CRTF): (a) intrapersonal practices, (b) interpersonal practices, (c) intraprofessional practices, and (d) the interprofessional practices.

Surgical Treatment and Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Population-based Study in England.

Unlabelled: To compare the management and outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic with the preceding 6 months.

Background: The pandemic has affected the diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients worldwide. Little is known about the safety of major resection and whether creating "cold" sites (COVID-free hospitals) is effective.

Probabilistic linkage without personal information successfully linked national clinical datasets.

Background: Probabilistic linkage can link patients from different clinical databases without the need for personal information. If accurate linkage can be achieved, it would accelerate the use of linked datasets to address important clinical and public health questions.

Objective: We developed a step-by-step process for probabilistic linkage of national clinical and administrative datasets without personal information, and validated it against deterministic linkage using patient identifiers.

The impact of the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer services in England and Wales: A national survey.

Aim: The object of this work was to study how National Health Service hospitals in England and Wales aimed to maintain effective and safe colorectal cancer (CRC) services during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020).

Method: A national survey was performed among all 148 hospitals providing CRC services. Information was collected about changes in referrals, diagnostic, staging and therapeutic procedures, as well as whether there was access to a 'cold site' (a hospital facility free of COVID-19).

Intraarticular Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype AAV-PHP.S-Mediated Chemogenetic Targeting of Knee-Innervating Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Alleviates Inflammatory Pain in Mice.

Objective: Joint pain is the major clinical symptom of arthritis that affects millions of people. Controlling the excitability of knee-innervating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (knee neurons) could potentially provide pain relief. We undertook this study to evaluate whether the newly engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype, AAV-PHP.

Propensity scores using missingness pattern information: a practical guide.

Electronic health records are a valuable data source for investigating health-related questions, and propensity score analysis has become an increasingly popular approach to address confounding bias in such investigations. However, because electronic health records are typically routinely recorded as part of standard clinical care, there are often missing values, particularly for potential confounders. In our motivating study-using electronic health records to investigate the effect of renin-angiotensin system blockers on the risk of acute kidney injury-two key confounders, ethnicity and chronic kidney disease stage, have 59% and 53% missing data, respectively.

Estimating treatment effects with partially observed covariates using outcome regression with missing indicators.

Missing data is a common issue in research using observational studies to investigate the effect of treatments on health outcomes. When missingness occurs only in the covariates, a simple approach is to use missing indicators to handle the partially observed covariates. The missing indicator approach has been criticized for giving biased results in outcome regression.

Intelligibility Enhancement Assessment and Intervention: a single-case experimental design with two multilingual university students.

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may be approached by multilingual speakers wishing to improve their intelligibility in English. Intelligibility is an essential element of spoken language proficiency and is particularly important for multilingual international students given their need to express complex ideas in an additional language. Intelligibility Enhancement aims to improve the intelligibility and acceptability of consonants, vowels and prosody with multilingual speakers who are learning to speak English.

Empirical comparison of univariate and multivariate meta-analyses in Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth reviews with multiple binary outcomes.

Background: Multivariate meta-analysis (MVMA) jointly synthesizes effects for multiple correlated outcomes. The MVMA model is potentially more difficult and time-consuming to apply than univariate models, so if its use makes little difference to parameter estimates, it could be argued that it is redundant.

Methods: We assessed the applicability and impact of MVMA in Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth (CPCB) systematic reviews.

Speech-language pathologists' support for multilingual speakers' English intelligibility and participation informed by the ICF.

Purpose: To use the ICF to classify characteristics and aspirations of multilingual university students and faculty who seek speech-language pathologists' support for intelligibility in English and to identify activities, facilitators, and barriers that impact participation in society.

Method: A retrospective record review was conducted on files of 175 clients attending a university clinic for intelligibility enhancement (accent modification). Participants came from 35 countries and spoke 28 different home languages.

The relationship between spoken English proficiency and participation in higher education, employment and income from two Australian censuses.

Purpose: Proficiency in the language of the country of residence has implications for an individual's level of education, employability, income and social integration. This paper explores the relationship between the spoken English proficiency of residents of Australia on census day and their educational level, employment and income to provide insight into multilingual speakers' ability to participate in Australia as an English-dominant society.

Method: Data presented are derived from two Australian censuses i.

Emphysematous cystitis with clinical subcutaneous emphysema.

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is the presence of intramural gas, with or without luminal gas, within the bladder as a result of a primary infection of the lower urinary tract with a gas-producing organism. It is a well-recognised complication of urinary tract infections involving Escherichia coli in diabetic patients. Clinical subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of EC that appears to have poor prognosis.

The effect of moderate to heavy alcohol consumption on neuropsychological performance as measured by the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status.

Background: Excessive alcohol use is associated with damage to the structure and function of the brain and impairment of cognition and behavior. Traditional test batteries used to assess cognitive performance in alcoholics are extensive and costly, limiting their use across various clinical and research settings. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is a relatively new instrument that attempts to overcome some of these limitations.

Brain donation: who and why?

Understanding what influences people to donate, or not donate, body organs and tissues is very important for the future of transplant surgery and medical research (Garrick in J Clin Neurosci 13:524-528, 2006). A previous web-based motivation survey coordinated by the New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre found that most people who participated in brain donation were young, female, educated Australians, not affiliated with any particular religion, and with a higher prevalence of medical illness than the general Australian population. It discussed the main motivating factors for brain donation to be "the benefits of the research to medicine and science".

Hsp90 inhibitors identified from a library of novobiocin analogues.

Novobiocin is a C-terminal inhibitor of the Hsp90 protein folding machinery, which is responsible for the conformational maturation of numerous proteins involved in cancer growth and survival. Due to novobiocin's poor inhibitory activity ( approximately 700 muM), very little attention has been paid toward the development of novobiocin analogues for Hsp90 inhibition. In this study, a parallel library of 20 novobiocin derivatives was prepared and the biological activity of each evaluated by Western blot analysis of Hsp90 client proteins.

Characterization of a novel 99mTc-carbonyl complex as a functional probe of MDR1 P-glycoprotein transport activity.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by overexpression of MDR1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the best characterized barriers to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Furthermore, the protective function of Pgp-mediated efflux of xenobiotics in various organs has a profound effect on the bioavailability of drugs in general. Thus, there is an expanding requirement to noninvasively interrogate Pgp transport activity in vivo.