Reliability and Diagnostic Thresholds for Ultrasound Measurements of Dermal Thickness in Breast Lymphedema.

Background: Lymphedema of the breast, secondary to treatment for breast cancer, is difficult to assess due to the shape of the breast and the nature of the tissue. Ultrasound measurement of dermal thickness has been previously used to assess breast swelling; however, the reliability of the measurements, or what should be considered an abnormal thickness, is currently known.

Methods And Results: Thirty-eight women with breast edema were recruited and underwent assessment using ultrasound.

Postural balance and functional independence of elderly people according to gender and age: cross-sectional study.

Context And Objective:: Aging causes changes in men and women. Studies have shown that women have worse postural balance and greater functional dependence than men, but there is no consensus regarding this. The aim of this study was to compare the balance and functional independence of elderly people according to sex and age, and to evaluate the association between postural balance and the number of drugs taken.