Ultraviolet radiation transmission of soft disposable contact lenses and ISO 18369: claims and compliance.

Clinical Relevance: This study was carried out to provide advice to eye care practitioners on those soft disposable contact lenses that comply with the Class 1 or Class 2 requirements of the international standard ISO 18369 for ultraviolet radiation protection.

Background: This study was carried out to provide advice to eye care practitioners on those soft disposable contact lenses that comply with the Class 1 or Class 2 requirements of the international standard ISO 18369 for ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protection and to validate any claims made. It is intended to be used when a patient needs or requests UVR protection.

Manipulation of Front-Surface Profile of Scleral Contact Lenses to Alter Peripheral Refraction.

Significance: The front optic zone diameter of scleral contact lenses was manipulated to mimic the central treatment zone induced by orthokeratology contact lens wear, to explore potential effects on the peripheral refraction profile.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects on the peripheral refraction profile of changing front optic zone diameters of scleral contact lenses.

Methods: Twelve young adults were fitted with scleral contact lenses (diameter, 16.

Corneal Total and Epithelial Thickness Measured by Sonogage Ultrasound Pachometry and High-resolution Optical Coherence Tomography.

Significance: This research questions the validity of using the Sonogage ultrasound (US) pachometer to measure corneal epithelial thickness and coincidentally provides confirmation for the conventional view of the mechanism of orthokeratology (OK) based on central epithelial thinning.

Purpose: The Sonogage (Corneo-Gage Plus 1) pachometer uses A-scan US to measure total corneal thickness. It is claimed that this instrument can also measure corneal epithelial thickness.

Changes in corneal subbasal nerve morphology and sensitivity during orthokeratology: Recovery of change.

Purpose: To investigate the recovery of orthokeratology (OK)-induced changes in corneal nerve morphology and sensitivity following lens wear discontinuation, over a 3-month period.

Methods: Sixteen myopic subjects who wore OK lenses during sleep for 3 months discontinued lens wear for 3 months. Corneal nerve morphology and sensitivity were assessed on the right eye only 3 h after waking at the pre-lens wear baseline and after lens wear discontinuation.

Changes in Corneal Subbasal Nerve Morphology and Sensitivity During Orthokeratology: Onset of Change.

Purpose: To investigate changes in corneal subbasal nerve fiber density and orientation during a 3-month orthokeratology (OK) lens wear period and their relationship with concurrent changes in corneal sensitivity.

Methods: Sixteen subjects wore overnight OK lenses for 90 days and were assessed at baseline, Day 30, and Day 90. Nerve images at the corneal apex and temporal mid-periphery were captured from the right eye only using in vivo confocal microscopy and analyzed to calculate nerve fiber density (NFD) and global nerve fiber orientation (GNFO).

Reduced Corneal Sensitivity and Sub-Basal Nerve Density in Long-Term Orthokeratology Lens Wear.

Objectives: To investigate changes in corneal sensitivity and nerve morphology in orthokeratology (OK) contact lens wear.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 54 subjects (aged 18-45 years) were grouped into three categories: nonlens (NL), soft lens (SCL), and OK lens wearers. Corneal sensitivity was measured at the corneal apex and 2.

Treatment Zone Decentration During Orthokeratology on Eyes with Corneal Toricity.

Purpose: To compare the magnitude of treatment zone decentration between eyes with minimally toric corneas (≤1.50 DC, LoTor group) and eyes with moderately toric corneas (1.50 to 3.

Myopia control during orthokeratology lens wear in children using a novel study design.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of overnight orthokeratology (OK) contact lens wear on axial length growth in East Asian children with progressive myopia.

Design: A prospective, randomized, contralateral-eye crossover study conducted over a 1-year period.

Participants: We enrolled 26 myopic children (age range, 10.

The effect of multifocal soft contact lenses on peripheral refraction.

Purpose: To compare changes in peripheral refraction with single-vision (SV) and multifocal (MF) correction of distance central refraction with commercially available SV and MF soft contact lenses (SCLs) in young myopic adults.

Methods: Thirty-four myopic adult subjects were fitted with Proclear Sphere and Proclear Multifocal SCLs to correct their manifest central refractive error. Central and peripheral refraction were measured with no lens wear and subsequently with the two different types of SCL correction.

Corneal versus ocular aberrations after overnight orthokeratology.

Purpose: To investigate relationships between changes to corneal and ocular aberrations induced by orthokeratology (OK) and their influence on visual function.

Methods: Eighteen subjects (aged 20 to 23 years) were fitted with OK lenses (BE Enterprises Pty Ltd, Australia), manufactured in Boston XO material (Bausch & Lomb Boston, Wilmington, MA), and worn overnight for seven nights. Corneal and ocular aberrations were simultaneously captured (Discovery, Innovative Visual Systems, Elmhurst, IL), and contrast sensitivity function was measured on days 1 and 7, within 2 and 8 hours after lens removal on waking.

Refractive changes from hyperopic orthokeratology monovision in presbyopes.

Purpose: To investigate the time course of refractive and corneal topographic changes in overnight hyperopic orthokeratology (OK) for emmetropic presbyopes.

Methods: Sixteen adult emmetropic presbyopic subjects were fitted with rigid hyperopic OK lenses (BE Enterprises, Brisbane, Australia/Capricornia, Slacks Creek, Australia) targeted to correct +2.00 D, in one eye only.

Posterior corneal shape changes in myopic overnight orthokeratology.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in the shape of the posterior cornea at the end of the day based on anterior corneal topography and corneal thickness during myopic overnight orthokeratology (OK) over 14 nights' wear of reverse geometry gas-permeable (GP) contact lenses.

Methods: Eighteen subjects (aged 19 to 32 years) with low myopia and astigmatism were fitted with reverse geometry lenses (BE; Capricornia Contact Lens Pty Ltd) for myopic OK, which were worn overnight only for a 14-day period. A separate group of 10 subjects (aged 19 to 32 years) with low astigmatism wore J-Contour conventional GP lenses (Capricornia Contact Lens Pty Ltd) for one night.

Ocular aberrations and visual function with multifocal versus single vision soft contact lenses.

Purpose: To investigate differences in ocular aberrations induced by centre-near multifocal soft contact lenses (SCL) relative to single vision SCLs and their effect on contrast sensitivity function (CSF).

Methods: Ocular aberrometry was measured in 18 cyclopleged subjects (19-24 years) while wearing Ciba Air Optix low (AOlow) and high (AOhigh) add, Bausch & Lomb PureVision low (PVlow) and high (PVhigh) add multifocals, and a Bausch & Lomb PureVision single vision (PVsv) control with the same -3.00 D distance back vertex power.

Repeatability of internal aberrometry with a new simultaneous capture aberrometer/corneal topographer.

Purpose: To compare repeatability of internal eye aberrations derived from aberrometry and corneal topography (CT) measured simultaneously by the Innovative Visual Systems Discovery, against time displaced but same instrument measurement (Nidek OPD-Scan 3), and time displaced different instrument measurement (Medmont E300 and Imagine Eyes irx3).

Methods: Three aberrometry and CT measurements were captured with each instrument, except for the OPD-Scan 3 where three aberrometry scans were followed by a single CT. Measurements were repeated across 2 days.

Mapping the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus in orthokeratology lens wear using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Purpose: This study was designed to map the sub-basal nerve plexus (SBNP) in the cornea of orthokeratology (OK) lens wearers.

Methods: Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was performed in vivo on three subjects: a non-lens wearer and two OK lens wearers. Scans were performed on the right eye while the left eye fixated a moving target.

Corneal thickness changes in hyperopic orthokeratology measured by optical pachometry.

Purpose: To investigate the time course of corneal thickness changes in overnight hyperopic orthokeratology (OK) lens wear for a 4-day lens-wearing period.

Methods: Fourteen subjects (age range, 20-37 years) were fitted with hyperopic OK lenses in one eye only. The fellow eye acted as a non-lens wearing control.

Lens Dk/t influences the clinical response in overnight orthokeratology.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of lens oxygen transmissibility (Dk/t) on the clinical response to overnight (ON) orthokeratology (OK) lens wear over 2 weeks.

Methods: Eleven subjects (age, 20 to 39 years) were fitted with OK lenses (BE; Capricornia Contact Lens) in both eyes. Lenses in matched design/fitting but different materials (Boston EO and XO; nominal Dk/t: 26 and 46 ISO Fatt, respectively) were worn ON only in the two eyes over a 2-week period.

Residual corneal flattening after discontinuation of long-term orthokeratology lens wear in asian children.

Objectives: Most patients treated with orthokeratology (OK) in Asia are children. The effects of long-term OK on corneal curvature among children after lens wear discontinuation have not previously been reported.

Methods: This study investigated 28 subjects, aged 10.

The effect of treatment zone diameter in hyperopic orthokeratology.

Purpose: To investigate the time course of treatment zone (TZ) diameter changes in hyperopic orthokeratology (OK) lens wear from 1 h in the open eye through to seven nights in the closed eye.

Methods: Twelve subjects were fitted with rigid hyperopic OK lenses. Lenses were worn in the open eye for 1 h then one night in the closed eye, separated by a washout period of 4 days.

Mechanism for corneal reshaping in hyperopic orthokeratology.

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism underlying hyperopic orthokeratology (OK) by comparing the short-term clinical effect of lenses before and after central lens fenestration.

Methods: Twelve subjects (age 21 to 24 years) were fitted with rigid hyperopic OK lenses (BE Enterprises/Capricornia) in one eye only. The fellow eye acted as a non-lens wearing control.

Evaluation of signs and symptoms in 3- and 9-o'clock staining.

Purpose: This study evaluates the relationship between bulbar hyperemia, conjunctival staining, lens comfort and 3- and 9-o'clock corneal staining in rigid gas permeable (GP) contact lens wear.

Methods: The study involved 55 GP contact lens wearers (with and without 3- and 9-o'clock staining) and 26 non-lens wearers. Corneal staining was graded based on a specially designed image grading scale developed at the University of Maastricht.

Time course of corneal topographic changes in the first week of overnight hyperopic orthokeratology.

Purpose: To investigate the time course of refractive and corneal topographic changes in overnight hyperopic orthokeratology (OK).

Methods: Ten young adult subjects were fitted with rigid hyperopic OK lenses (BE Enterprises, Capricornia) targeted to correct +1.50 D, in one eye only.

Trends in microbial keratitis associated with orthokeratology.

Purpose: Orthokeratology is a clinical technique that uses reverse-geometry rigid gas-permeable contact lenses to alter corneal shape to provide temporary reduction of refractive error. Microbial keratitis is the most severe, potentially vision-threatening adverse response associated with orthokeratology contact lens wear. This article aims to review all reported cases of confirmed and presumed microbial keratitis associated with orthokeratology and to examine trends in microbial keratitis in orthokeratology over time.

Microbial keratitis in orthokeratology: the Australian experience.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the demographics of orthokeratology (OK) practice in Australia, to uncover any previously undocumented cases of serious adverse responses in OK, including microbial keratitis (MK), and to review the demographics of MK in OK in Australia.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the 62 members of the Orthokeratology Society of Australia (OSA). Questions related to aspects of their OK practice, demographics of their OK patient base and any adverse responses to OK lens wear that they had encountered.

Orthokeratology review and update.

Orthokeratology (OK) is a clinical technique that uses specially designed rigid contact lenses to reshape the cornea to temporarily reduce or eliminate refractive error. This article reviews the history of traditional daily-wear OK (1960s to 1980s) and discusses the reasons for the recent resurgence in interest in the new modality of overnight OK, using reverse-geometry lens designs (1990s to the present). The clinical efficacy of the current procedure is examined and outcomes from clinical studies in terms of refractive error change and unaided visual acuity are summarised.