Outcomes of bilateral temporomandibular joint arthroscopy: an international multicentric prospective study including 524 joints.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral TMJ arthroscopy in patients with different Wilkes stages, comparing the results obtained in different arthroscopic levels on a larger scale, unifying similar populations.

Methods: A multicentric prospective clinical study was conducted in three TMJ departments performing temporomandibular joint surgery in Portugal and Brazil, with an enrolling window active from January 1, 2019, to December 1, 2022. The primary clinical outcome was TMJ pain evaluated through a visual analogue scale.

Ubiquitin-ligase and deubiquitinating gene expression in stretched rat skeletal muscle.

In order to gain insight into intracellular mechanisms involved in longitudinal growth of skeletal muscle, we determined gene expression of ubiquitin-ligases (MAFbx/atrogin-1, E3 alpha, and MuRF-1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (UBP45, UBP69, and USP28) at different time-points (24, 48, and 96 h) of continuous stretch of the soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. In the soleus, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that MAFbx/atrogin-1, E3 alpha, and MuRF-1 gene expression was downregulated, peaking at 24-48 h. Gene expression of all deubiquitinating enzymes increased with continuous stretch of soleus.