Does the ultrasonic cleaning medium affect the adhesion of resin cement to feldspathic ceramic?

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different cleaning media on the adhesion of resin cement to feldspathic ceramic after etching.

Materials And Methods: The cementation surfaces of ceramic blocks (N = 20, n = 5 per group) were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) gel for 20 s and rinsed for 60 s. They were then randomly assigned to 4 groups: G1: air-water spray+drying (control); G2: ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water for 4 min+drying; G3: ultrasonic cleaning in 99.